Carbon Life Cycle Analysis of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-EOR for Net Carbon Negative Oil (NCNO) Classification (Final Report)

Nunez-Lopez, Vanessa; Gil-Egui, Ramón; Hosseininoosheri, Pooneh; Hovorka, Susan; Lake, Larry W.

doi:10.2172/1525864

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Other greenhouse gas life cycle analyses suggest that there are usually net positive emissions from the CO 2 -EOR process, although these emissions are significantly less than conventional oil production when accounting for the CO 2 stored underground. ,,,, Why does this system have net negative emissions? The system benefits from a ready source of CO 2 , a short pipeline system, natural gas-fueled compression, a highly contained reservoir, and a basic oil processing system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The International Energy Agency examined the potential for EOR to reduce net CO 2 emissions on large scales . The U.S. Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory developed a parameterized model to evaluate different CO 2 -EOR scenarios. , Options for net carbon-negative oil classification were also evaluated based on the carbon life cycle analysis of CO 2 -EOR . A model for life cycle analysis of incremental oil produced via CO 2 -EOR was developed for a scenario using CO 2 from power plants, and a modified version of this model was used for the greenhouse gas calculations in this study …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Large CO₂ Storage Volumes Result in Net Negative Emissions for Greenhouse Gas Life Cycle Analysis Based on Records from 22 Years of CO₂-Enhanced Oil Recovery Operations

2020

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Emissions were documented in a greenhouse gas emission life cycle analysis of 22 years of CO2-enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) operations for a site in the Northern Michigan Basin, U.S. At the site, CO2 was cycled through a series of 10 carbonate reef structures 1500–2000 m deep in the subsurface. The CO2 mobilized oil in the reefs, and the operator produced 294 321 metric tons (2 290 000 barrels) of oil with CO2-EOR at the site from 1996 to 2017. In the process, a total of 2 089 000 metric tons of CO2 were stored in the deep rock formations, which is a very large volume for CO2-EOR applications of this scale. The life cycle analysis accounted for greenhouse gas emissions related to CO2 capture, compression, pipeline transport, CO2 injection, oil processing, CO2 recycle, dehydration, fugitive emissions, construction, land use, well drilling, oil transport, oil refining, hydrocarbon product combustion, and other processes. The analysis was based on site-specific operational records such as natural gas usage, drilling records, and system flow metering. Altogether, the upstream CO2 capture, “gate-to-gate” CO2-EOR operations, and downstream fuel product refining/combustion had total emissions of 1 929 443 metric tons of CO2 equivalent. Thus, the life cycle analysis showed −159 907 metric tons of CO2 equivalent net balance for the CO2-EOR system for 1996–2017. The CO2-EOR system obtains CO2 from a gas processing facility that separates CO2 from natural gas produced in the area, and the CO2 would be otherwise vented to the atmosphere. A ready source of CO2 that allowed a large volume of associated CO2 storage, compressors that run on natural gas, a small pipeline distribution network, highly contained reservoirs, and government incentives to encourage CO2 storage also contributed to the lower CO2 emission balance when compared to other CO2-EOR life cycle studies. While this site had many favorable factors to result in net negative emissions, it provides an example of managing CO2-EOR operations and optimizing associated CO2 storage to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large CO₂ Storage Volumes Result in Net Negative Emissions for Greenhouse Gas Life Cycle Analysis Based on Records from 22 Years of CO₂-Enhanced Oil Recovery Operations

2020

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“…During CO 2 -EOR the produced CO 2 is separated, reinjected into the reservoir, and the process is repeated in a loop. Hence, quantifying the ultimate CO 2 storage capacity of EOR projects begs the question of whether the oil can be classified as Net Carbon Negative (Nuñez-López et al, 2019). A recent study examined multiple CO 2 -EOR scenarios and found that all of them start operating with a negative carbon footprint but ultimately generate a positive carbon footprint (Nuñez-López et al, 2019).…”

Section: Frontiers In Energy Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives on geologic carbon storage

2023

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Geologic carbon storage (GCS) is a fundamental pillar of carbon management that helps mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and addresses the negative effects of climate change. Viable CO2 storage sites share some of the same elements required for successful petroleum systems. For example, while reservoir, seal, and trap are required, migration pathway and timing are not important for CO2 storage, because rather than withdrawing fluid from a trap, CO2 storage involves injection into a geologic trap. Conceptually, this represents a form of reverse production. Numerous petroleum traps around the world, as well as naturally occurring CO2-producing fields and natural gas storage sites attest that safe, long-term storage is possible. Research over the past two decades identified five methods of Geologic Carbon Storage which have been validated through several demonstration and pilot projects around the world: (1) storage in depleted oil and gas fields, (2) use of CO2 in enhanced hydrocarbons recovery (3) storage in saline formations/aquifers, (4) injection into deep unmineable coal seams, and (5) in-situ/ex-situ carbon mineralization. The greatest volumetric potential for GCS is found in saline aquifers which are present throughout the world’s sedimentary basins.

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“…Despite its relatively eco-friendly nature, the geography of CO 2 -EOR sites and related sustainability studies are mainly focused on North America, − where CO 2 is primarily sourced from natural CO 2 reservoirs, which obviously do not contribute to GHG emission reduction goals. In the absence of relatively inexpensive CO 2 supplies from natural reservoirs, the cost of capturing anthropogenic CO 2 would be a significant hurdle that limits the use of CO 2 -EOR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techno-Economic Assessment and Life Cycle Assessment of CO₂-EOR

Abuov

Serik

Lee

2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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CO 2 -enhanced oil recovery (EOR) can have less GHG emissions compared to conventional oil production methods. The economy of CO 2 -EOR can significantly benefit from the recent rise of carbon prices in carbon markets due to its greenhouse gas (GHG) emission savings. This study conducted a life cycle assessment (LCA) of CO 2 -EOR in major hydrocarbon provinces of the world. Estimated net GHG emissions of CO 2 -EOR were compared with GHG emissions of average produced oil in the given country. When sourcing CO 2 from coal-fired power plants, Kazakhstan and China have net GHG emissions of CO 2 -EOR of 276 and 380 kg CO 2 eq/bbl, respectively, which are lower than the GHG emission factor of average oil produced in each of them. Significantly lower GHG emissions of CO 2 -EOR are observed in other hydrocarbon provinces (Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, etc.), where CO 2 could be delivered from Natural Gas Combined Cycle (NGCC) power plants. However, the cost of CO 2 capture is higher at NGCC power plants than at coal-fired power plants. Further, we developed a techno-economic assessment (TEA) model of the CO 2 -EOR and integrated it with LCA to thoroughly consider carbon credits in its economy. The model was built based upon previous investigations and used statistics from a large industrial data set of CO 2 -EOR to produce accurate estimates of the CO 2 -EOR economy. The technical model iteratively estimated the balance of three fluids (crude oil, CO 2 , and water) in the CO 2 -EOR system with a 25 year operational lifespan and obtained actual data for the LCA and TEA models. The model was simulated for the Kazakhstan case with its oil market conditions for a demonstration purpose. TEA results showed that, with the available low-cost CO 2 capture source or high CO 2 cost in carbon trading, CO 2 -EOR can compete with current upstream projects in Kazakhstan by simultaneously increasing oil production and reducing GHG emissions.

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Carbon Life Cycle Analysis of CO<sub>2</sub>-EOR for Net Carbon Negative Oil (NCNO) Classification (Final Report)

Cited by 8 publications

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Large CO₂ Storage Volumes Result in Net Negative Emissions for Greenhouse Gas Life Cycle Analysis Based on Records from 22 Years of CO₂-Enhanced Oil Recovery Operations

Large CO₂ Storage Volumes Result in Net Negative Emissions for Greenhouse Gas Life Cycle Analysis Based on Records from 22 Years of CO₂-Enhanced Oil Recovery Operations

Perspectives on geologic carbon storage

Techno-Economic Assessment and Life Cycle Assessment of CO₂-EOR

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Carbon Life Cycle Analysis of CO<sub>2</sub>-EOR for Net Carbon Negative Oil (NCNO) Classification (Final Report)

Cited by 8 publications

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Large CO2 Storage Volumes Result in Net Negative Emissions for Greenhouse Gas Life Cycle Analysis Based on Records from 22 Years of CO2-Enhanced Oil Recovery Operations

Large CO2 Storage Volumes Result in Net Negative Emissions for Greenhouse Gas Life Cycle Analysis Based on Records from 22 Years of CO2-Enhanced Oil Recovery Operations

Perspectives on geologic carbon storage

Techno-Economic Assessment and Life Cycle Assessment of CO2-EOR

Contact Info

Product

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About

Large CO₂ Storage Volumes Result in Net Negative Emissions for Greenhouse Gas Life Cycle Analysis Based on Records from 22 Years of CO₂-Enhanced Oil Recovery Operations

Large CO₂ Storage Volumes Result in Net Negative Emissions for Greenhouse Gas Life Cycle Analysis Based on Records from 22 Years of CO₂-Enhanced Oil Recovery Operations

Techno-Economic Assessment and Life Cycle Assessment of CO₂-EOR