Carbon Monoxide Hazard in Antarctica

Pugh, L. G. C. E.

doi:10.1136/bmj.1.5116.192

Cited by 15 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Although many accounts describe both fatal and nonfatal CO poisoning inside tents [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] (Ministry of Defence, unpublished data, 1993), little detailed information exists on the conditions relating to these incidents. Cooking may produce higher CO concentration in snow holes and…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Carbon Monoxide Levels During Heating of Ice and Water to Boiling Point With a Camping Stove

Leigh-Smith

Watt

McFadyen

et al. 2004

Wilderness & Environmental Medicine

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Carbon Monoxide Levels During Heating of Ice and Water to Boiling Point With a Camping Stove

Leigh-Smith

Watt

McFadyen

et al. 2004

Wilderness & Environmental Medicine

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“…Leigh-Smith et al 23 During the 1956 to 1957 Trans Antarctic Expedition, Pugh 6 compared COHb concentration in tent occupants continually melting snow for 2 hours with those merely heating their tents for 3 hours. He used a Primus stove in partially ventilated, double-walled, 2500-L tents made of heavy cotton fabric.…”

Section: Snow Cave and Tent Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Smith used a Coleman Peak stove and naphtha fuel inside a partially ventilated, 5000-L tent. He compared CO concentration while merely heating the tent with CO concentration during a 20-minute ice melt at different 10 Henderson et al 22 Pugh 6 Leigh-Smith et al 23,29 125…”

Section: Snow Cave and Tent Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Frequent symptoms of poisoning have been reported within tents and snow caves in Norway 5 and during Antarctic overwintering in crates while using Primus stoves. 6 The author has personal knowledge of a poisoning episode that occurred when a soldier was sitting up inside the door of an open tent while cooking. He lost consciousness and collapsed but rapidly returned to a normal level of consciousness when laid down and dragged to an area of clear ventilation.…”

Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in Tents—A Review☆

Leigh-Smith

2004

Wilderness & Environmental Medicine

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This review discusses the overlooked problem of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning within small tents. It summarizes previous case reports, reviews the toxicity of CO, and attempts to draw conclusions from experimental work. Finally, practical recommendations are developed on avoiding CO poisoning within tents. The term carbon monoxide was used in a search of the Medline database covering the years 1966 to 2003. The results were combined with the terms atmosphere or camps or stoves or climbs or mountains or tents or poisons. The resulting articles were reviewed, and those relevant to this problem were obtained. Hard copies were hand searched for further relevant articles until no more citations could be found. Three original articles were impossible to obtain but have been cited to assist others seeking to find them. Other data and articles were obtained from the Ministry of Defence but are unpublished for security reasons.

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“…In 1956-1957, Hillary and Pugh were both members of the Trans-Antarctic Expedition [28], during which Pugh did work on carbon monoxide hazard in polar huts [35] and thus on the more basic physiology of carbon monoxide, such as its dissociation curve [30] and its presence in the Weddell seal [34]. Hillary and Pugh dreamed up a scientific and mountaineering expedition along lines similar to the Antarctica practice of landing scientists on the ice one summer, leaving them to winter over, and collecting them the following summer.…”

Section: The Silver Hut Expedition 1960-1961*mentioning

confidence: 99%

Griffith Pugh, Pioneer Everest Physiologist

Ward¹,

Milledge

2002

High Altitude Medicine & Biology

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Lewis Griffith Cresswell Evans Pugh (1909-1994), best known as the physiologist on the successful 1953 British Everest Expedition, inspired a generation of scientists in the field of altitude medicine and physiology in the decades after World War II. This paper details his early life, his introduction to exercise physiology during the war, and his crucially important work in preparation for the Everest expedition on Cho Oyu in 1952. Pugh's other great contribution to altitude physiology was as scientific leader of the 1960-1961 Himalayan Scientific and Mountaineering Expedition (the Silver Hut), and the origins and results of this important expedition are discussed. He had a major and continuing interest in the physiology of cold, especially in real-life situations in Antarctica, exposure to cold wet conditions on hills in Britain, and in long distance swimming. He also extended his interest to Olympic athletes at moderate altitude (Mexico City) and to heat stress in athletes. Pugh's strength as a physiologist was his readiness to move from laboratory to fieldwork with ease and his rigor in applying the highest standards in both situations. He led by example in both his willingness to act as a subject for experiments and in his attention to detail. He was not an establishment figure; he was critical of authority and well known for his eccentricity, but he inspired great loyalty in those who worked with him.

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Carbon Monoxide Hazard in Antarctica

Cited by 15 publications

References 7 publications

Comparison of Carbon Monoxide Levels During Heating of Ice and Water to Boiling Point With a Camping Stove

Comparison of Carbon Monoxide Levels During Heating of Ice and Water to Boiling Point With a Camping Stove

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in Tents—A Review☆

Griffith Pugh, Pioneer Everest Physiologist

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