Carbon Monoxide Hydrogenation on Activated Carbon Supported Co-Ni Bimetallic Catalysts Via Fischer-Tropsch Reaction to Produce Gasoline

Abstract

Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (FTS) is a process which converts synthesized gas (a mixture of H2 and CO) to synthetic liquid fuels and valuable chemicals with the existence of metal catalysts and suitable operational conditions. Less costly and plentiful biomass from agricultural waste can be converted into synthesized gas by thermal gasification. FTS derived Biofuel is a high quality, clean fuel and have a very low sulfur content in comparison to conventional fuel. In this study, FTS reaction was investigated in a tubular fixed bed reactor on prepared Co-Ni bimetallic catalysts supported by walnut shells derived activated carbon (AC) to study the synergistic effect of the active metals on the catalyst's physical properties as well as hydrocarbon liquid product distribution. Employed catalysts were synthesized by wet impregnation method and were characterized afterwards by XRD, TPR-H2, BET surface area and FESEM-EDX techniques to identify the morphology and physical properties of the catalysts. Maximum gasoline selectivity of 69% was achieved on the 7Co7Ni/AC bimetallic catalyst, which was considered as the best bimetallic catalyst among others. Temperature increase from 220°C to 300°C enhanced gasoline selectivity from 69% to 92%. In addition, carbon monoxide (CO) conversion increased as well from 43% to 65% on the 7Co7Ni/AC bimetallic catalyst. On the contrary, increased reaction pressure from 1 bar to 9 bar decreased gasoline selectivity from 92% to 36% but increased CO conversion is from 65% to 84% on the 7Co7Ni/AC bimetallic catalyst. The optimum reaction conditions were considered based on the maximum selectivity of gasoline which was 300°C reaction temperature and 1 bar reaction pressure. In conclusion, the employing of bimetallic Co-Ni catalysts supported by AC in Fischer-Tropsch reaction has significantly enhanced the catalytic activity and improved gasoline selectivity due to the achieved high metal dispersion, better reduction degree and large surface area. Higher reaction temperatures increased gasoline selectivity whereas, higher reaction pressures decreased gasoline selectivity.

A-Review on Nanorods-An Overview from Synthesis to Emerging, Device Applications and Toxicity (A-Review)

“…This method involves the reduction of carbon bisulfite in 600-degree Celcius. This yields a high percentage of carbon nanorod evident under the scanning electron microscope as well as the Transmission electron microscope where novel Y-junction carbon nanorods are detected, capable of causing an X-ray refraction which is an hexagonal graphite 15,16 .…”

“…To date, numerous methods for their syntheses have been suggested, such as ball milling 11,12 chemical vapor deposition 11 , laser ablation, chemical reduction and co-precipitation 13,14 . More recently, new synthetic methods have been developed, such as flame synthesis, sol-gel, microwave plasma and low energy cluster beam deposition 9,15,16 .…”

EVA/zinc oxide nanocomposites for active food packaging: selected physical, and microbial properties

“…Figure 2 shows the rhombic EVA structure with one peak at 2θ of 23°, which correspond to plane 200 [24,25]. EVA crystallinity is controlled by the concentration of vinyl acetate, which is mainly related to the length of the ethylene segment [25][26][27][28][29].…”

Catalysis Deoxygenation and Hydrodeoxygenation of Edible and Inedible Oil to Green Fuel

“…The current study in the literature review section critically investigates the catalysis deoxygenation and hydrodeoxygenation as the chosen methods of converting edible and inedible oil to green fuel [1]. The research evaluates that catalytic deoxygenation is typically based on fatty acids decarboxylation and their esters are investigated over Pd supporting the active carbons that are used to make the edible oil into the green fuels.…”