Carbon Monoxide in Alveolar Air as an Index of Exposure to Cigarette Smoke

Rawbone, R G; Coppin, Catherine A.; Guz, A.

doi:10.1042/cs0510495

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…of previous studies.3 9 10 The relationship between the two variables appears to be approximately linear, the regression equation differing only slightly from that obtained by other workers,' 11 and is in close agreement with that reported by Jones et al 10 Our study demonstrated that the Ecolyser is a simple method for measuring alveolar CO levels, provided precautions are taken to eliminate the possibility of false readings because of alcohol interference. The instrument, unlike the Infra-Red Gas Analyser, is not sensitive to CO2 or water vapour, two factors which make it suitable for use on breath samples.…”

Section: Alveolar Carbon Monoxide and Carboxyhaemoglobinsupporting

confidence: 89%

Carbon monoxide in breath in relation to smoking and carboxyhaemoglobin levels.

Wald¹,

Idle²,

Boreham³

et al. 1981

Thorax

190

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Carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) levels were studied in 11 249 men. The distribution among the 2613 men who smoked cigarettes was well separated from that in 6641 non-smokers (including ex-smokers The level of carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) in the blood has been shown to be a useful marker of tobacco smoke absorption, 1-6 and for this reason there are epidemiological and clinical reasons for performing COHb measurements. The precise distributions of COHb levels in smokers and nonsmokers, and the extent to which they overlap, are not well known. We therefore investigated this in over 11 000 men. We also investigated the measurement of carbon monoxide (CO) in alveolar breath using a portable analyser, as an indirect measure of the COHb level which avoids the inconvenience of taking blood samples. Methods

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Section: Alveolar Carbon Monoxide and Carboxyhaemoglobinsupporting

confidence: 89%

Carbon monoxide in breath in relation to smoking and carboxyhaemoglobin levels.

Wald¹,

Idle²,

Boreham³

et al. 1981

Thorax

190

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“…Measurement of mixed expired carbon monoxide concentration was carried out before and 5 min after smoking the cigarette [4] and the 'CO boost' (increase in alveolar CO concentration from one cigarette) was derived and used as an index of absorption of the gaseous phase of tobacco smoke. The results were normalized to take into account the variable CO yields from different brands; the figures were supplied by the Tobacco Advisory Council and relate to 'machinesmoking' conditions.…”

Section: Assessment O F Absolptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of Smoking: Measurement and Variability in Asymptomatic Smokers

et al. 1983

Self Cite

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Measurements of patterns of puffing (cigarette-holder pneumotachograph) and ventilation (plethysmography) were made in ten asymptomatic smokers during the smoking of a cigarette, on four separate occasions. There were marked individual differences and these were consistent over 3-5 weeks. In itself, the pattern of smoking could be responsible for a threefold variation in smoke intake. Puffing but not inhalation became less intense as a cigarette was smoked. It was not possible to predict indices of absorption from smoking patterns. Certain smoking patterns, e.g. small puff volume, low puff frequency, short duration of inhalation and expulsion of volume between puff and inhalation, may be less harmful than others and this may explain why some individuals remain healthy despite a lifetime of smoking.

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“…These indices are boost of carbon monoxide (CO) in alveolar air after smoking one cigarette [6] and serum levels of the major primary metabolite of nicotine, cotinine [7]. Since lung damage may affect smoking behaviour or absorption of tobacco products smokers with a previously established diagnosis of COPD were not studied.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette smoke inhalation and lung damage in smoking volunteers

Clark¹,

Wardrobe-Wong²,

Elliott³

et al. 1998

Eur Respir J

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Cigarette smoking is the dominant risk factor for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) [1,2], but only 10-15% of smokers develop the condition [1]. Several risk factors for COPD are known [2] but only apply to a small minority of cases. There is only a weak relationship between the lifetime number of cigarettes smoked and risk of COPD [2,3]. Smoke must be inhaled to damage the lung and it is the cumulative dose of smoke inhaled that would seem to be relevant to the development of lung injury. Smokers differ in the number and size of puffs taken per cigarette, depth and duration of inhalation, cigarette yield and size of discarded butt [4,5]. This study, therefore, investigated whether risk is more closely determined by aspects of smoking behaviour that affect the depth, duration and quantity of smoke inhalation.Indices of smoke inhalation were measured and related to productive cough, airflow obstruction and emphysema in smoking volunteers. These indices are boost of carbon monoxide (CO) in alveolar air after smoking one cigarette [6] and serum levels of the major primary metabolite of nicotine, cotinine [7]. Since lung damage may affect smoking behaviour or absorption of tobacco products smokers with a previously established diagnosis of COPD were not studied. Methods SubjectsEighty current cigarette smokers (Š5 cigarettes·day -1 ) aged 35-65 yrs (mean (SD) age 51 (7.7) yrs) (41 males and 39 females) and 20 lifetime nonsmoking controls (ð1 cigarette·day -1 for 1 yr) aged 50 (8.1) yrs (7 males and 13 females) were recruited after publicity in local media. All subjects were Caucasians. Exclusion criteria were a forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) <1.5 L, asthma, bronchodilator or corticosteroid medication and use of other tobacco products. All subjects who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included. The study was approved by the North Tees Local Research Ethics Committee and written consent obtained.Cumulative lifetime smoking was quantified as pack-yrs and the brand of cigarette smoked was recorded. Subjects completed a Medical Research Council (MRC) Respiratory Health Questionnaire. Blood was taken for measurements of serum α 1 -protease inhibitor (α 1 -antitrypsin) and haemoglobin concentrations.High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scanning was performed using an IGE Sytec 3000i CT scanner. Three 1 mm cuts from the upper, middle and lower Cigarette smoke inhalation and lung damage in smoking volunteers. K.D. Clark, N. Wardrobe-Wong, J.J. Elliott, P.T. Gill, N.P. Tait, P.D. Snashall. ERS Journals Ltd 1998. ABSTRACT: Cigarette smoking is the dominant risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but only 10-15% of smokers develop the condition. Risk does not relate closely to cumulative cigarette consumption, perhaps because smokers vary in the degree and depth of smoke inhalation. This study examined the role of smoke inhalation in the development of COPD.Eighty current smokers and 20 lifetime nonsmoking volunteers (aged 35-65 yrs) wer...

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Carbon Monoxide in Alveolar Air as an Index of Exposure to Cigarette Smoke

Cited by 24 publications

References 11 publications

Carbon monoxide in breath in relation to smoking and carboxyhaemoglobin levels.

Carbon monoxide in breath in relation to smoking and carboxyhaemoglobin levels.

Patterns of Smoking: Measurement and Variability in Asymptomatic Smokers

Cigarette smoke inhalation and lung damage in smoking volunteers

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