Abstract:Many natural-gas appliances are notoriously inefficient.Solid top stoves with low set burners and grid top stoves with low set burners consume two to eight times as much gas as stoves with raised burners and grid tops. On account of the liberation of carbon monoxide, a poisonous gas, with the products of combustion when the flame is improperly aerated it is not practical to place burners at the distance from utensils where the maximum efficiency is obtained.
“…These effects were described in terms of the apparent physical influence upon the exposed individual as a function of both exposure level and duration. They suggested the use of four simple equations to -'efine five individual hazard zones of CO exposure inciuding "death," "dangerous to life," "headache and nausea," "perceptible effects" and "no perceptible effects" in their 1921 publication (6). Figure 2 illustrates these hazard zones defined 1-y Henderson U al.…”
Section: Chronology Of the Present Standardmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…I references 2, 16, 22,23,13,15,6,5). The absorption rate, which is partlh a function of the work activity level (14) of the individual, determines the content of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) in the blood.…”
“…These effects were described in terms of the apparent physical influence upon the exposed individual as a function of both exposure level and duration. They suggested the use of four simple equations to -'efine five individual hazard zones of CO exposure inciuding "death," "dangerous to life," "headache and nausea," "perceptible effects" and "no perceptible effects" in their 1921 publication (6). Figure 2 illustrates these hazard zones defined 1-y Henderson U al.…”
Section: Chronology Of the Present Standardmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…I references 2, 16, 22,23,13,15,6,5). The absorption rate, which is partlh a function of the work activity level (14) of the individual, determines the content of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) in the blood.…”
During a sub-Antarctic expedition, petrol stoves were used for cooking inside tents and snow-holes (snow caves). The carbon monoxide hazard from the use of petrol stoves was assessed by measuring atmospheric levels with direct-reading indicator tubes (Draeger tubes). Levels up to 300 ppm were recorded, higher than previous field experiments have shown. The levels recorded were unlikely to have affected the exercise capacity of expedition members or to have had other serious effects. Direct-reading tubes were a simple and effective means of measurement. One episode of acute serious hazard occurred and is described, but the atmospheric carbon monoxide level was not recorded. It is concluded that the most important hazard from carbon monoxide under mountaineering and exploration conditions is that of acute fatal poisoning.
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