Carbon Nano‐Onions Made Directly from CO<sub>2</sub> by Molten Electrolysis for Greenhouse Gas Mitigation

Liu, Xinye; Ren, Jiawen; Licht, Gad; Wang, Xirui; Licht, Stuart

doi:10.1002/adsu.201900056

Cited by 42 publications

(58 citation statements)

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“…In 2009 and 2010 a novel sunlight driven methodology to split CO 2 into carbon and oxygen by molten carbonate electrolysis was introduced 7,8 . This process does not require sunlight, and it was demonstrated that using a molten carbonate and a variety of electrolytic configurations, the carbon product can be made into pure carbon nanomaterials, such as Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] . For example, this novel chemistry transforms the greenhouse Carbon dioxide to Carbon NanoTubes (C2CNT), and directly captures and CO 2 from the atmosphere or from concentrated anthropogenic CO 2 sources such as power plant exhaust.…”

Section: Calcium Metaborate Induced Thin Walled Carbon Nanotube Synthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The wide range of carbon nanomaterial morphologies observed shows the potential for tuning the product for uses in many different useful products. Here, we present synthesis of unusually thin walled CNTs, High yield electrolytic synthesis of carbon nanomaterials from CO 2 , either directly from the air or from smokestack CO 2 , in molten carbonate 11,19,22,23 .…”

Section: Calcium Metaborate Induced Thin Walled Carbon Nanotube Synthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, when these nucleation additives are purposely excluded during the synthesis, then the high yield synthesis of carbon nano-onions (spheres) (as shown in Fig. 2 ) or graphene are accomplished 19 , 22 .

Figure 1 TEM of carbon nanotube walls in molten carbonated synthesized CNTs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TEM of the synthesis product after a : 15, b : 30 or c : 90 min electrolysis.

Figure 2 High yield electrolytic synthesis of carbon nanomaterials from CO 2 , either directly from the air or from smokestack CO 2 , in molten carbonate 11 , 19 , 22 , 23 . …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… High yield electrolytic synthesis of carbon nanomaterials from CO 2 , either directly from the air or from smokestack CO 2 , in molten carbonate 11 , 19 , 22 , 23 . …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Calcium metaborate induced thin walled carbon nanotube syntheses from CO2 by molten carbonate electrolysis

Wang

Liu

Licht

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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An electrosynthesis is presented to transform the greenhouse gas CO2 into an unusually thin walled, smaller diameter morphology of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs). The transformation occurs at high yield and coulombic efficiency of the 4-electron CO2 reduction in a molten carbonate electrolyte. The electrosynthesis is driven by an unexpected synergy between calcium and metaborate. In a pure molten lithium carbonate electrolyte, thicker walled CNTs (100–160 nm diameter) are synthesized during a 4 h CO2 electrolysis at 0.1 A cm−2. At this low current density, CO2 without pre-concentration is directly absorbed by the air (direct air capture) to renew and sustain the carbonate electrolyte. The addition of 2 wt% Li2O to the electrolyte produces thinner, highly uniform (50–80 nm diameter) walled CNTs, consisting of ~ 75 concentric, cylindrical graphene walls. The product is produced at high yield (the cathode product consists of > 98% CNTs). It had previously been demonstrated that the addition of 5–10 wt% lithium metaborate to the lithium carbonate electrolyte boron dopes the CNTs increasing their electrical conductivity tenfold, and that the addition of calcium carbonate to a molten lithium carbonate supports the electrosynthesis of thinner walled CNTs, but at low yield (only ~ 15% of the product are CNTs). Here it is shown that the same electrolysis conditions, but with the addition of 7.7 wt% calcium metaborate to lithium carbonate, produces unusually thin walled CNTs uniform (22–42 nm diameter) CNTs consisting of ~ 25 concentric, cylindrical graphene walls at a high yield of > 90% CNTs.

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Section: Calcium Metaborate Induced Thin Walled Carbon Nanotube Synthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Calcium Metaborate Induced Thin Walled Carbon Nanotube Synthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Figure 1 TEM of carbon nanotube walls in molten carbonated synthesized CNTs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TEM of the synthesis product after a : 15, b : 30 or c : 90 min electrolysis.

Figure 2 High yield electrolytic synthesis of carbon nanomaterials from CO 2 , either directly from the air or from smokestack CO 2 , in molten carbonate 11 , 19 , 22 , 23 . …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… High yield electrolytic synthesis of carbon nanomaterials from CO 2 , either directly from the air or from smokestack CO 2 , in molten carbonate 11 , 19 , 22 , 23 . …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Calcium metaborate induced thin walled carbon nanotube syntheses from CO2 by molten carbonate electrolysis

Wang

Liu

Licht

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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CO₂ Utilization by Electrolytic Splitting to Carbon Nanotubes in Non‐Lithiated, Cost‐Effective, Molten Carbonate Electrolytes

Wang

Licht²,

Liu

et al. 2022

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), have extraordinarily high tensile strength, electrical and thermal conductivity, and electrical storage capabilities. To date, CNTs have had limited use due to their high synthesis cost. The synthesis costs decrease when CNTs are prepared by transition metal nucleated molten electrolytic CO2 splitting, rather than by conventional chemical vapor deposition or arc deposition techniques. In addition to cost, a second advantage of CNT electrosynthesis is that the process consumes the greenhouse gas CO2 in its transformation to CNTs (and oxygen), providing a path to climate mitigation. However, electrolytic high yield, CNT syntheses has only been demonstrated with expensive lithiated electrolytes, such as pure or mixed Li2CO3. This study demonstrates, after several hundred failures, that carbon nanomaterials, can be synthesized from CO2 in non‐lithiated electrolytes. In the new sodium barium carbonate electrolytes, lower mobility due to the absence of lithium ions is overcome by: i) low current density; or ii) the introduction of oxides, such as BaO, to induce graphene walls to facilitate passage of larger cations during the process of growing CNTs; and/or iii) addition of specific transition metal nucleation agents, such as Fe2O3. The electrolysis uses inexpensive anodes and cathodes to form carbon nanomaterials, including straight and coiled CNTs.

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Bio‐inspired and Eco‐friendly Synthesis of 3D Spongy Meso‐Microporous Carbons from CO₂ for Supercapacitors

Jiang

et al. 2021

Chemistry A European J

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Inspired by the spongy bone structures, threedimensional (3D) sponge-like carbons with meso-microporous structures are synthesized through one-step electro-reduction of CO 2 in molten carbonate Li 2 CO 3 À Na 2 CO 3 À K 2 CO 3 at 580°C. SPC4-0.5 (spongy porous carbon obtained by electrolysis of CO 2 at 4 A for 0.5 h) is synthesized with the current efficiency of 96.9 %. SPC4-0.5 possesses large electrolyte ion accessible surface area, excellent wettability and electronical conductivity, ensuring the fast and effective mass and charge transfer, which make it an advcanced supercapacitor electrode material. SPC4-0.5 exhibits a specific capacitance as high as 373.7 F g À 1 at 0.5 A g À 1 , excellent cycling stability (retaining 95.9 % of the initial capacitance after 10000 cycles at 10 A g À 1 ), as well as high energy density. The applications of SPC4-0.5 in quasi-solid-state symmetric supercapacitor and all-solid-state flexible devices for energy storage and wearable piezoelectric sensor are investigated. Both devices show considerable capacitive performances. This work not only presents a controllable and facile synthetic route for the porous carbons but also provides a promising way for effective carbon reduction and green energy production.

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Carbon Nano‐Onions Made Directly from CO₂ by Molten Electrolysis for Greenhouse Gas Mitigation

Cited by 42 publications

References 46 publications

Calcium metaborate induced thin walled carbon nanotube syntheses from CO2 by molten carbonate electrolysis

Calcium metaborate induced thin walled carbon nanotube syntheses from CO2 by molten carbonate electrolysis

CO₂ Utilization by Electrolytic Splitting to Carbon Nanotubes in Non‐Lithiated, Cost‐Effective, Molten Carbonate Electrolytes

Bio‐inspired and Eco‐friendly Synthesis of 3D Spongy Meso‐Microporous Carbons from CO₂ for Supercapacitors

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Carbon Nano‐Onions Made Directly from CO2 by Molten Electrolysis for Greenhouse Gas Mitigation

Cited by 42 publications

References 46 publications

Calcium metaborate induced thin walled carbon nanotube syntheses from CO2 by molten carbonate electrolysis

Calcium metaborate induced thin walled carbon nanotube syntheses from CO2 by molten carbonate electrolysis

CO2 Utilization by Electrolytic Splitting to Carbon Nanotubes in Non‐Lithiated, Cost‐Effective, Molten Carbonate Electrolytes

Bio‐inspired and Eco‐friendly Synthesis of 3D Spongy Meso‐Microporous Carbons from CO2 for Supercapacitors

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Carbon Nano‐Onions Made Directly from CO₂ by Molten Electrolysis for Greenhouse Gas Mitigation

CO₂ Utilization by Electrolytic Splitting to Carbon Nanotubes in Non‐Lithiated, Cost‐Effective, Molten Carbonate Electrolytes

Bio‐inspired and Eco‐friendly Synthesis of 3D Spongy Meso‐Microporous Carbons from CO₂ for Supercapacitors