Carbon nano-onions (multi-layer fullerenes): chemistry and applications

Abstract

SummaryThis review focuses on the development of multi-layer fullerenes, known as carbon nano-onions (CNOs). First, it briefly summarizes the most important synthetic pathways for their preparation and their properties and it gives the reader an update over new developments in the recent years. This is followed by a discussion of the published synthetic procedures for CNO functionalization, which are of major importance when elucidating future applications and addressing drawbacks for possible applications, such as poor solubility in common solvents. Finally, it gives an overview over the fields of application, in which CNO materials were successfully implemented.

The analisys of process models and determining state vector coordinates of carbon nanomaterials synthesys

“…Спробу описати утворення onion-like структур методами квантової механіки зроблено в роботах [6,10]. Перехід наноалмазу в onion-like структуру відбу-вається при нагріванні без кисню і зворотний перехід із onion-like структури в наноалмаз -при опроміненні іонами з енергіями приблизно 5 МеВ і додатковому електронному опроміненні.…”

Enhanced rate capability and cycling stability of core/shell structured CoFe2O4/onion-like C nanocapsules for lithium-ion battery anodes

“…Onion-like carbon (OLC) is structured by concentric shells of carbon atoms, which is first discovered by Ugarte in 1992 [26]. Compared with amorphous carbon, OLC exhibits the superior conductivity, thermal stability and chemical resistance.…”

Improvement of Performance Characteristics of Ethanol Motor Fuels Through Use of Additives Based on Nanoscale Carbon Clusters

“…and research of the possibilities of using them in various fields of science and technology is one of the current trends in the world for the work of research teams [9][10][11][12][13]. Technologies to obtain any ultrafine materials are laborious [14,15]. This is true for nanomaterials of carboxylic fulleroid type (singlespheroidal fullerenes and multi-spheroidal clusters-onions), and, therefore, a great interest have the areas of use in which to achieve substantial results (macro effects) quite minimal amounts of these nanomaterials.…”