Carbon Nanodots Featuring Efficient FRET for Real‐Time Monitoring of Drug Delivery and Two‐Photon Imaging

Tang, Jing; Kong, Biao; Wu, Hao; Xu, Ming; Wang, Yongcheng; Wang, Yanli; Zhao, Dongyuan; Zheng, Gengfeng

doi:10.1002/adma.201303124

Cited by 520 publications

(359 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Previously, other novel methods have been suggested to monitor drug release such as Fӧrster resonance energy transfer (FRET). However, FRET is used mainly to measure release of fluorescent drug molecules, 31 whereas DPV can be used for both fluorescent and nonfluorescent molecules. The drug release profiles obtained by the DPV method corroborates the results of the UV-Vis detection method.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid lipid nanoparticles for thermoresponsive targeting: evidence from spectrophotometry, electrochemical, and cytotoxicity studies

Rehman¹,

Ihsan²,

Madni³

et al. 2017

IJN

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Thermoresponsive drug delivery systems are designed for the controlled and targeted release of therapeutic payload. These systems exploit hyperthermic temperatures (>39°C), which may be applied by some external means or due to an encountered symptom in inflammatory diseases such as cancer and arthritis. The objective of this paper was to provide some solid evidence in support of the hypothesis that solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) can be used for thermoresponsive targeting by undergoing solid–liquid phase transition at their melting point (MP). Thermoresponsive lipid mixtures were prepared by mixing solid and liquid natural fatty acids, and their MP was measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). SLNs (MP 39°C) containing 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were synthesized by hot melt encapsulation method, and were found to have spherical shape (transmission electron microscopy studies), desirable size (<200 nm), and enhanced physicochemical stability (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis). We observed a sustained release pattern (22%–34%) at 37°C (5 hours). On the other hand, >90% drug was released at 39°C after 5 hours, suggesting that the SLNs show thermoresponsive drug release, thus confirming our hypothesis. Drug release from SLNs at 39°C was similar to oleic acid and linoleic acid nanoemulsions used in this study, which further confirmed that thermoresponsive drug release is due to solid–liquid phase transition. Next, a differential pulse voltammetry-based electrochemical chemical detection method was developed for quick and real-time analysis of 5-FU release, which also confirmed thermoresponsive drug release behavior of SLNs. Blank SLNs were found to be biocompatible with human gingival fibroblast cells, although 5-FU-loaded SLNs showed some cytotoxicity after 24 hours. 5-FU-loaded SLNs showed thermoresponsive cytotoxicity to breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) as cytotoxicity was higher at 39°C (cell viability 72%–78%) compared to 37°C (cell viability >90%) within 1 hour. In conclusion, this study presents SLNs as a safe, simple, and effective platform for thermoresponsive targeting.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid lipid nanoparticles for thermoresponsive targeting: evidence from spectrophotometry, electrochemical, and cytotoxicity studies

Rehman¹,

Ihsan²,

Madni³

et al. 2017

IJN

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“…212 According to the experimental results and theoretical simulations, they found that graphitic-C 3 N 4 QDs emit strong blue fluorescence at 400 nm and green emission under one-photon UV excitation and two-photon excitation at 780 nm. In addition to these successful syntheses of carbon-based QDs, the conduction of TPF microscopy made water-dispersed and biocompatible carbon QDs, which might offer new advantages in biosensing, drug delivery, two-photon photodynamic cancer therapy, 213 cellular tracking 212,214,215 and deep-tissue imaging. 209 Ray et al also reported that graphene oxide featured an extremely high 46 890 GM of TPA for selective two-photon imaging of SK-BR-3 breast tumor cells.…”

Section: Nir-absorbing Organic Materials: Dyes and Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Zheng and colleagues designed DOX-conjugated C-dots to perform drug delivery in HeLa cells. 214 Two-photon excitation of 810 nm femtosecond sources on C-dots exhibited emission coupling with the excitation band of DOX, thereby evolving an efficient FRET and generating strong red fluorescence at pH 7.4 for glomerular tissues (z-direction at a depth of 65 − 300 μm), whereas the red color emission was depleted when the particles were delivered to the cell body (pHo5). Intriguingly, Chen and co-workers employed a two-photon excitation FRET strategy to excite a 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(1-methyl 4-pyridinio) porphyrin PS, which caused HeLa cell death through PDT.…”

Section: Nir-absorbing Organic Materials: Dyes and Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the classification of NIR-absorbing/emitting nanomaterials for in vivo bioapplications

et al. 2016

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With the development of nonlinear optics and new imaging methods, near-infrared (NIR) light can excite contrast agents to probe biological specimens both functionally and structurally with a deeper imaging depth and a higher spatial resolution than linear optical approaches. There is considerable and growing interest in how biological specimens respond to NIR light. Moreover, the visible absorption band of most functional nanomaterials becomes NIR-excitable through multiphoton processes, thus allowing multifunctional imaging and combined therapy with noble metal and magnetic nanoparticles both in vitro and in vivo. A groundbreaking example is the use of different laser techniques to excite single-type NIR-absorbing/emitting nanomaterials to produce multiphoton emission by femtosecond lasers using either a remote control system for photodynamic therapy or photo-induced chemical bond dissociation. These techniques provided superior anatomical resolution and detection sensitivity for in vivo tumor-targeted imaging than those offered by conventional methods. Here we summarize the most recent progress in the development of smart NIR-absorbing/emitting nanomaterials for in vivo bioapplications.

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“…They are produced by size reduction from various carbon sources. 27,28 Their fluorescence spectrum is usually dependent on excitation wavelength with a relatively low quantum yield of lower than 15%. [29][30][31] The carbon dots formed through bottom-up approaches are more well known because of their facile synthesis and outstanding fluorescence quantum yield.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Photobleaching and stabilization of carbon nanodots produced by solvothermal synthesis

Wang

Damm

Walter

et al. 2016

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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In this work we performed a detailed investigation of the photostability of bottom-up produced carbon nanodots (CDs) prepared from citric acid and urea by solvothermal synthesis. Analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) reveals that the CDs have a hydrodynamic diameter of o1 nm and a very narrow size distribution.In the community it is widely assumed that CDs are photo-stable. In contrast, we found that CDs exposed to UV-irradiation exhibit noteworthy fluorescence degeneration compared to freshly prepared CDs or CDs stored in the dark, indicating that fluorescence bleaching is caused by a photochemical process. We found that fluorescence intensity decay due to exposure to UV-irradiation is accelerated in the presence of oxygen and identified the surface status of CDs as the decisive factor of fluorescence bleaching of CDs.Based on a discussion on the underlying mechanisms we show how to avoid photobleaching of CDs.

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Carbon Nanodots Featuring Efficient FRET for Real‐Time Monitoring of Drug Delivery and Two‐Photon Imaging

Cited by 520 publications

References 43 publications

Solid lipid nanoparticles for thermoresponsive targeting: evidence from spectrophotometry, electrochemical, and cytotoxicity studies

Solid lipid nanoparticles for thermoresponsive targeting: evidence from spectrophotometry, electrochemical, and cytotoxicity studies

Revisiting the classification of NIR-absorbing/emitting nanomaterials for in vivo bioapplications

Photobleaching and stabilization of carbon nanodots produced by solvothermal synthesis

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