Carbon Nanofiber Hybrid Actuators: Part II - Solid Electrolyte-based

Yun, Yeoheung; Miskin, Atul; Kang, Phil Hyun; Jain, Sachin; Narasimhadevara, Suhasini; Hurd, Douglas; Shinde, Vishal; Schulz, Mark J.; Shanov, Vesselin; He, Ping; Boerio, F. J.; Shi, Donglu; Srivinas, Subrahmin

doi:10.1177/1045389x06057531

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Then, considering their high surface area and conductivity (as high as 10 4 S/cm), their applications were expanded to the electrochemical fi eld, including electrocatalysis, supercapacitor, electrochemical sensing and electromechanical actuators. As a good candidate for actuator materials, SWCNTs have been used in various actuations, including optically-driven actuation, [ 77,78 ] acoustic actuation, [ 79 ] electromechanical actuation, [ 28,80,81 ] dry and wet electrochemical actuation, [82][83][84] electrochemical pneumatic actuation. [ 85 ] Recently, large scale preparation of electrolyte free muscles made by twist-spun carbon nanotube yarns with fast, high-force, large-stroke torsional and tensile actuation has been realized.…”

Section: Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes Based Electrode Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nanotube and Graphene‐based Bioinspired Electrochemical Actuators

2013

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Bio-inspired actuation materials, also called artificial muscles, have attracted great attention in recent decades for their potential application in intelligent robots, biomedical devices, and micro-electro-mechanical systems. Among them, ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC) actuator has been intensively studied for their impressive high-strain under low voltage stimulation and air-working capability. A typical IPMC actuator is composed of one ion-conductive electrolyte membrane laminated by two electron-conductive metal electrode membranes, which can bend back and forth due to the electrode expansion and contraction induced by ion motion under alternating applied voltage. As its actuation performance is mainly dominated by electrochemical and electromechanical process of the electrode layer, the electrode material and structure become to be more crucial to higher performance. The recent discovery of one dimensional carbon nanotube and two dimensional graphene has created a revolution in functional nanomaterials. Their unique structures render them intriguing electrical and mechanical properties, which makes them ideal flexible electrode materials for IPMC actuators in stead of conventional metal electrodes. Currently although the detailed effect caused by those carbon nanomaterial electrodes is not very clear, the presented outstanding actuation performance gives us tremendous motivation to meet the challenge in understanding the mechanism and thus developing more advanced actuator materials. Therefore, in this review IPMC actuators prepared with different kinds of carbon nanomaterials based electrodes or electrolytes are addressed. Key parameters which may generate important influence on actuation process are discussed in order to shed light on possible future research and application of the novel carbon nanomateials based bio-inspired electrochemical actuators.

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Section: Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes Based Electrode Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nanotube and Graphene‐based Bioinspired Electrochemical Actuators

2013

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“…More similar effects in terms of a actuation can be found when analyzing multi-layered bending actuators, typically called bi-or trimorphs. These kinds of actuators exhibit top-layers of CNTs as electrodes and a centered polymeric, ion-conductive layer [31]. In this case, the diffusion of ions torwards the charged electrodes results in volumetric changes of the polymeric chains, which is detected as actuation.…”

Section: Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology- and ion size-induced actuation of carbon nanotube architectures

Geier

Mahrholz

Wierach

et al. 2018

International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials

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Future adaptive applications require lightweight and stiff materials with high active strain but low energy consumption. A suitable combination of these properties is offered by carbon nanotubebased actuators. Papers made of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are charged within an electrolyte, which results in an electrical field forming a double-layer of ions at their surfaces and a deflection of the papers can be detected. Until now, there is no generally accepted theory for the actuation mechanism. This study focuses on the actuation mechanism of CNT papers, which represent architectures of randomly oriented CNTs. The samples are tested electrochemically in an in-plane setup to detect the free strain. The elastic modulus of the CNT papers is analyzed in a tensile test facility. The influence of various ion sizes of water-based electrolytes is investigated. During the tests, four parameters that have a significant influence on the mechanical performance of CNT papers were identified: the test conditions, the electrical charging, the microstructure and the ion size. All of these influencing factors point to the mechanically weak inter-tube linking at which the actuation seems to take place. Quadratic voltage-strain correlation suggests a combination of electrostatic and volumetric effects as the possible reason for CNT paper actuation.

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“…The procedure for synthesis of the nanotube tower is described in detail in our previous publications [2][3][4] . Figures 1(a-b) show the ESEM results of CVD with water-assist growth conditions: 500 SCCM of H 2 flow, 700 SCCM of C 2 H 4 flow, and a 750 °C growth temperature.…”

Section: Actuator Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Intelligent Material Based on Long Carbon Nanotube Arrays

et al. 2005

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Highly aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) arrays were synthesized on Si wafers. Water vapor was used to enhance the catalyst performance, which enabled continuous growth of MWCNT arrays for up to 3 hours. Various types of Fe patterning on a Si substrate with a multilayered structure were tested. MWCNT arrays up to 4 mm long were grown by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD). Environmental scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the MWCNT morphology and showed that the nanotubes typically reveal a 20 nm outer diameter and 8 nm inner diameter. To investigate applications, a nanotube tower 1 mm x 1 mm x 4 mm in size was grown and peeled off the Si wafer. Each tower contains millions of individual nanotubes with 20-30 nm diameters. Electrochemical actuation of one MWCNT tower was demonstrated in a 2M NaCl solution. The MWCNT tower actuator operated up to 10 Hz without significantly decreasing strain. Only 2 volts was needed to obtain 0.15% strain. The aligned nanotube morphology of the tower is the reason for the high strain in the axial direction. Also, the measured electrical volume resistivity of the material was in the range of 0.1 ohm ⋅ cm. The results presented suggest nanotube array towers can be considered a novel intelligent material.

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Carbon Nanofiber Hybrid Actuators: Part II - Solid Electrolyte-based

Cited by 23 publications

References 14 publications

Carbon Nanotube and Graphene‐based Bioinspired Electrochemical Actuators

Carbon Nanotube and Graphene‐based Bioinspired Electrochemical Actuators

Morphology- and ion size-induced actuation of carbon nanotube architectures

A New Intelligent Material Based on Long Carbon Nanotube Arrays

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