Carbon nanomaterials and their composites for supercapacitors

Abstract

As a type of energy storage device between traditional capacitors and batteries, the supercapacitor has the advantages of energy saving and environmental protection, high power density, fast charging and discharging speed, long cycle life, and so forth. One of the key factors affecting the performance of supercapacitor is the electrode material. Carbon materials, such as carbon nanotube, graphene, activated carbon, and carbon nanocage, are most widely concerned in the application of supercapacitors. The synergistic effect of composites can often obtain excellent results, which is one of the common strategies to increase the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors. To further improve the performance of binary composites, it is a relatively simple method to increase the components as the "bridge" between the two materials to form the ternary composites. The review mainly introduces the current research progress of supercapacitors with pure carbon nanomaterials and multistage carbon nanostructures (composites) as electrodes. The characteristics and application directions of different pure carbon nanomaterials are introduced in detail. Different ways of multilevel structure (material) composite have their own effects on the development of high-performance supercapacitors. We also highlight the recent advances related to these fields and provide our insight into high-energy supercapacitors.

Sustainability applications of rare earths from metallurgy, magnetism, catalysis, luminescence to future electrochemical pseudocapacitance energy storage

“…[212][213][214][215][216] Unfortunately, carbon compounds and their derivatives are difficult to produce, costly, and difficult to process. 217,218 The cycle stability of conductive polymers is poor and harmful to the environment. Because of this, it is necessary to explore other strategies to enhance the capacitance and cycling stability of CeO 2 .…”

Few-layered Ti3C2TXcoupled with Fe3O4nanoparticles assembled in a reduced graphene oxide hydrogel as advanced electrodes for high-energy supercapacitors

“…3,4 In addition, SCs also have remarkable properties of long cycle life, high stability, fast charging/discharging, being environmentally friendly, etc., which combine the advantages of batteries and traditional capacitors. [5][6][7] However, in the electrochemical energy storage application of supercapacitors faced challenges such as reduced conductivity and reduced active surface area, it is crucial to develop a supercapacitor with excellent mechanical and electrochemical properties. 8 As we all know, SCs can be divided into two categories based on the charge storage mechanism: electrochemical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) and pseudocapacitors.…”

“…, which combine the advantages of batteries and traditional capacitors. 5–7 However, in the electrochemical energy storage application of supercapacitors faced challenges such as reduced conductivity and reduced active surface area, it is crucial to develop a supercapacitor with excellent mechanical and electrochemical properties. 8…”

MOF-Derived MnO/C Nanocomposites for High-Performance Supercapacitors

“…In the last few years, some investigations have been focused on composite electrode materials combining the two charge-storage mechanisms. This is because the composite electrode materials with both a porous structure and a high surface area should be beneficial to maintaining high specific capacitance coupled with good cycle stability [ 4 , 5 ]. MOFs have been extensively used as precursors to design porous carbons and carbon-based composites [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”