Carbon nanomaterials: controlled growth and field-effect transistor biosensors

Wang, Xiaona; Hu, PingAn

doi:10.1007/s11706-012-0160-x

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…For more information on CNT electrochemical sensors we refer readers to other reviews. 441–445 Here, we will focus on SWNT-FET biosensors 446–450 composed of single SWNTs or SWNT networks on SiO 2 /Si substrates with S/D electrodes.…”

Section: Nanoelectronic Biosensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano-Bioelectronics

2015

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Nano-bioelectronics represents a rapidly expanding interdisciplinary field that combines nanomaterials with biology and electronics, and in so doing, offers the potentials to overcome existing challenges in bioelectronics. In particular, shrinking electronic transducer dimensions to the nanoscale and making their properties appear more biological can yield significant improvements in the sensitivity and biocompatibility, and thereby open up opportunities in fundamental biology and healthcare. This review emphasizes recent advances in nano-bioelectronics enabled with semiconductor nanostructures, including silicon nanowires (SiNWs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and graphene. First, the synthesis and electrical properties of these nanomaterials are discussed in the context of bioelectronics. Second, affinity-based nano-bioelectronic sensors for highly sensitive analysis of biomolecules are reviewed. In these studies, semiconductor nanostructures as transistor-based biosensors are discussed from fundamental device behavior through sensing applications and future challenges. Third, the complex interface between nanoelectronics and living biological systems, from single cells to live animals are reviewed. This discussion focuses on representative advances in electrophysiology enabled using semiconductor nanostructures and their nanoelectronic devices for cellular measurements through emerging work where arrays of nanoelectronic devices are incorporated within three-dimensional cell networks that define synthetic and natural tissues. Last, some challenges and exciting future opportunities are discussed.

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Section: Nanoelectronic Biosensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano-Bioelectronics

2015

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“…Providing the structure to a cell is one of the major roles of the phospholipid bilayer, which it performs because of the natural arrangement of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic ends of the phospholipids and, once stable, the sterols and cholesterol [10]. Its other role is to control the kinds of materials that can go into the cell or attach to it, which it does in a number of ways using proteins [4]. The kinds of protein that expand from the top of the membrane can be used to recognize the cell or to make a place for specific materials to attach to it [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Graphene is called the mother of graphite (many layers of graphene) because it can act as the basic building block of these allotropes [ 2 , 3 ]. Graphene was theoretically discovered back in the 1940s, but at that time, graphene (a 2D layer crystal) was believed to be too thermodynamically unstable to be produced in the real world [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conductance modulation of charged lipid bilayer using electrolyte-gated graphene-field effect transistor

et al. 2014

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Graphene is an attention-grabbing material in electronics, physics, chemistry, and even biology because of its unique properties such as high surface-area-to-volume ratio. Also, the ability of graphene-based materials to continuously tune charge carriers from holes to electrons makes them promising for biological applications, especially in lipid bilayer-based sensors. Furthermore, changes in charged lipid membrane properties can be electrically detected by a graphene-based electrolyte-gated graphene field effect transistor (GFET). In this paper, a monolayer graphene-based GFET with a focus on the conductance variation caused by membrane electric charges and thickness is studied. Monolayer graphene conductance as an electrical detection platform is suggested for neutral, negative, and positive electric-charged membrane. The electric charge and thickness of the lipid bilayer (QLP and LLP) as a function of carrier density are proposed, and the control parameters are defined. Finally, the proposed analytical model is compared with experimental data which indicates good overall agreement.

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“…CNTs, the rolled up graphene sheet in a one dimensional structure, have received worldwide interest since their discovery due to their fundamental properties and practical applications . Vertically aligned (VA)CNTs, grown on conducting substrates, find applications in microelectronic interconnects, heat sinks, and field emission sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulsed PECVD for Low‐temperature Growth of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes

Baro

Gogoi

Pal

et al. 2014

Chemical Vapor Deposition

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Pulsed plasma-enhanced (PE)CVD is used for the growth of vertically aligned multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) at a low temperature range of 350-490°C. A pulsed plasma is generated by the application of a rectangular negative pulse to the substrate electrode with an on time of 4.5 ms, off time of 5.5 ms, duty cycle of 45%, and pulse repetition frequency of 100 kHz. CNTs are synthesized from Ni catalyst film of 20-40 nm thickness deposited on a silicon substrate under pressures of 0.01 and 0.5 Torr by magnetron sputtering. The effect of Ni catalyst film morphology on low temperature growth of CNTs by pulsed PECVD is studied. It is found that CNTs grown from Ni catalyst films depend on the process pressure employed to prepare the film by magnetron sputtering. A comparison with the direct current (DC) discharge-produced CNTs reveals that the growth rate of pulsed plasma-produced CNTs is two times higher. CH species density is studied using optical emission spectroscopy (OES) by an actinometrical approach, which shows that DC discharge plasma has a higher CH concentration, but still has a lower growth rate. Further, it is observed that using pulsed plasma, growth of CNTs is possible at temperatures down to 350°C, whereas in the case of DC discharge plasma, CNTs growth is possible only at temperatures down to 450°C in the present experimental set-up. Possible reasons for the better performance of pulsed plasma in respect of growth rate and low temperature growth are discussed.

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Carbon nanomaterials: controlled growth and field-effect transistor biosensors

Cited by 15 publications

References 108 publications

Nano-Bioelectronics

Nano-Bioelectronics

Conductance modulation of charged lipid bilayer using electrolyte-gated graphene-field effect transistor

Pulsed PECVD for Low‐temperature Growth of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes

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