Carbon Nanostructures, Nanolayers, and Their Composites

Abstract

The versatility of the arrangement of C atoms with the formation of different allotropes and phases has led to the discovery of several new structures with unique properties. Carbon nanomaterials are currently very attractive nanomaterials due to their unique physical, chemical, and biological properties. One of these is the development of superconductivity, for example, in graphite intercalated superconductors, single-walled carbon nanotubes, B-doped diamond, etc. Not only various forms of carbon materials but also carbon-related materials have aroused extraordinary theoretical and experimental interest. Hybrid carbon materials are good candidates for high current densities at low applied electric fields due to their negative electron affinity. The right combination of two different nanostructures, CNF or carbon nanotubes and nanoparticles, has led to some very interesting sensors with applications in electrochemical biosensors, biomolecules, and pharmaceutical compounds. Carbon materials have a number of unique properties. In order to increase their potential application and applicability in different industries and under different conditions, they are often combined with other types of material (most often polymers or metals). The resulting composite materials have significantly improved properties.

Carbon Transformation Induced by High Energy Excimer Treatment

“…However, the peak positions and rapid carbon melting could also suggest a presence of DLC layers with similar Raman characteristics and peak positions similar to amorphous DLC described in [49] or Q-carbon [26][27][28][29][30][31], so Q-carbon formation at the edges of the domains is probable, the G peak position (up to 1575 cm −1 ) was higher than the peak position for the vibrational mode of graphic planes (1540 cm −1 ). Properties of the different carbon materials were described in detail in [50]. The above spoken Raman characteristics indicated the presence of compressive strain in the film [51], supporting the formation of Q-carbon [31].…”

Antibacterial Properties of Silver Nanoclusters with Carbon Support on Flexible Polymer

“…The heating of such structures resulted in formation of pattern which exhibited surface plasmon resonance effect [ 45 , 46 ], the effect which may also influence the antibacterial results significantly. On the contrary, carbon nanolayers exhibit interesting biocompatible properties, either in a form of isolated clusters or layers [ 47 , 48 , 49 ].…”

Recent Advances of Nanomaterials-Based Molecularly Imprinted Electrochemical Sensors

“…The ratio of sp/sp 2 /sp 3 hybridizations determines the formation of 3D carbon nanomaterials, 2D carbon sheets (graphene-based nanomaterials), 1D and hollow nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes), and 0D nanomaterials (carbon quantum dots) [ 18 , 19 ]. Besides the morphological structures, the ratio also decides their electrochemical properties [ 20 ].…”