Carbon Nanotube‐based Vectors for Delivering Immunotherapeutics and Drugs

Abstract

Scheme 3.1. Typical CNT carboxylic acid derivatization routes. 3.2 Chemical Functionalization of CNTs 91 3.3 CNTs in Diagnosis 97

Materials self-assembly and fabrication in confined spaces

“…In this line, Bianco and coworkers first reported the utilization of CNTs as components for engineering a novel nanotube-based gene delivery vector system. 108,109 Phagocytosis and endocytosis are the two common cell uptake mechanisms that are, in principle, applicable to CNTs and their conjugates as well. In contrast to these two mechanisms, the insertion and diffusion mechanisms are shown to have some added advantages in which the CNTs function as nano-needles that inject DNA (which is confined to CNT) through the cell membranes.…”

“…Besides DNA, many other biological materials such as proteins, model proteins, lipids and peptides have been successfully confined within CNTs. [108][109][110][111][112] In addition to using CNTs to template polymeric and biological materials as discussed before, the CNTs themselves could be directed to self-assemble into a desired morphology. Effectiveness of the geometrical confinement that was controlled by the channel width and depth on the assembly of heterogeneous SWCNT was demonstrated by Somu et al 113 It is apparent that the CNTs become increasingly aligned with decreasing channel width and thickness.…”

Development of Immunosensors Using Carbon Nanotubes

“…A similar device, wherein monoclonal antibody against Carcino embryonic antigen was covalently immobilized on the CNT‐FET device by using the linker carbonyldiimidazole‐Tween20 (CDI‐Tween 20) and used for the detection of CEA antigen (right). CNT‐FET immunosensor can also be fabricated with protein functionalized on the reverse side of the silicon wafer (bottom) (97)…”

“…A similar device, wherein monoclonal antibody against Carcino embryonic antigen was covalently immobilized on the CNT-FET device by using the linker carbonyldiimidazole-Tween20 (CDI-Tween 20) and used for the detection of CEA antigen (right). CNT-FET immunosensor can also be fabricated with protein functionalized on the reverse side of the silicon wafer (bottom) (97) nanotubes, it can be boasted of having the advantage of ease of regeneration of the sensor, since comparatively vigorous washing methods can be employed as the antigen-antibody reaction happens on the reverse side of the nanotubes.…”

AIM and NBO analyses on the interaction between SWCNT and cyclophosphamide as an anticancer drug: A density functional theory study

“…bonded graphene sheet is arranged in a cylindrical formation. [9][10][11] Carbon nanotubes have extraordinary thermal conductivity and mechanical and electrical properties; and are very stable molecules. 12,13 Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) have been studied as nanocarriers for the delivery of drugs, genes and proteins.…”