Carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced 316L stainless steel composites made by laser powder bed fusion: Microstructure and wear response

Yin, Houshang; Yang, Jingfan; Zhang, Yuying; Crilly, Larkin; Jackson, Robert L.; Lou, Xiaoyuan

doi:10.1016/j.wear.2022.204281

Cited by 25 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 56 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…S1 (shown in supplementary), however, the average grain size reduced from 6.0 ± 0.5 µm to 2.0 ± 0.5 µm with the increase in CNT concentration, the lowest being at 4.0 CNT-304 SS samples. Similar results of grain refinement after incorporation of CNTs were reported by Yin et al [25]. The CNTs acted as barriers to the migration of the grain boundary, a phenomenon referred to as Zenner pinning [26,10].…”

Section: Microstructuresupporting

confidence: 85%

Investigations on the temperature-dependent tribological behaviour of spark plasma sintered CNT-304 SS self-lubricating nanocomposites

Radhamani

Bhaumik

Lau

et al. 2023

Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Herein, we report the tribological behaviour of CNT-304 stainless steel composites at room (28°C) and high temperatures (200°C). Nanocomposites of various CNT concentrations, namely 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 wt%, were prepared. A significant amount of grain refinement resulted in an increase in CNT loading. A tribological study was carried out at 28°C and 200°C. Wear resistance was found to enhance with an increase in CNT concentration at both temperatures. However, a slightly higher wear rate was observed at 200°C for the samples with CNT content < 3 wt% than their corresponding low-temperature values. About 86%, 91% drop-in wear rate was seen in 2.0 wt% CNT-304 SS, and 4.0 wt% CNT-304SS, respectively, as compared to pure SS at 28°C, which is 54% and 88% decrease at 200°C and is very promising. The decrease in wear volume with CNT content at both temperatures can be ascribed to the self-lubricating and reinforcing nature of CNTs in the metal matrix composites. Severe abrasive wear in the pristine SS samples was slowly changed to mild abrasive and lubricated wear in composites. A systematic study on the tribological behaviour of CNT-SS composites can shed light on the benefits and detriments of using them for various applications. Highlights. Incorporation of CNTs into 304 SS matrix caused grain refinement.. Wear rate decreased with CNT content and 4.0 wt% CNT-SS showed minimum wear rate while pristine gave the maximum at both 28°C and 200°C. . About 86% and 54% decrease in wear rate were observed for 2.0 wt% CNT-304 SS at 28°C and 200°C respectively as compared to the pristine 304 SS sample. . Wear rate at 200°C was slightly more than that of room temperature (28°C) for CNT content < 3 wt%. . The 3.0 wt% CNT-304 SS and 4.0 wt% CNT-304 SS showed nearly the same wear rate at both ambient and 200°C test.

show abstract

Section: Microstructuresupporting

confidence: 85%

Investigations on the temperature-dependent tribological behaviour of spark plasma sintered CNT-304 SS self-lubricating nanocomposites

Radhamani

Bhaumik

Lau

et al. 2023

Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The wear resistance of the samples after low-temperature plasma nitriding were apparently, improved, especially for the sample after the annealing treatment and the higher the hardness of the material, the higher wear resistance of the material. In the present investigation, the surface hardness of the ferrite stainless steel was apparently improved after the low-temperature plasma nitriding, then, the plastic deformation resistance of the stainless steel was improved along with the wear resistance of the steel [33,34]. The potentiodynamic polarization curves of the AISI 430 stainless steel samples before and after low-temperature plasma nitriding are shown in Figure 8.…”

Section: Wear Resistance Of the Nitrided Layersupporting

confidence: 48%

Effects of Initial Microstructure on the Low-Temperature Plasma Nitriding of Ferritic Stainless Steel

Liu

et al. 2022

Coatings

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel with different initial microstructures was low-temperature plasma nitrided to improve its hardness and wear resistance in the present investigation. The microstructure and properties of the low-temperature nitrided layers on stainless steel with different initial microstructures were studied by an optical microscope, X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, microhardness tester, pin-on-disk tribometer, and electrochemical workstation. The results show that the low-temperature nitrided layer characteristics of ferritic stainless steel are highly initial-microstructure dependent. For the ferritic stainless steel with a solid solution and annealing treatment, it had the best performance after low-temperature plasma nitriding when compared with the stainless steel with other initial microstructures. The nitrided layer thickness reached 34 μm after nitriding at 450 °C for 8 h. The phase composition of the low-temperature-nitrided layer consisted mainly of a nitrogen “expanded” α phase (αN) and iron nitrides (Fe4N and Fe2–3N). The hardness of the nitrided layer could reach up to 1832 HV0.1. Moreover, the wear and corrosion resistance of the nitrided layer on the solution and annealing treated ferritic stainless steel could be improved at the same time.

show abstract

“…The EDA treatment resulted in reduced wear for both the SLM specimens and the cast specimens, while heat treatment resulted in a positive effect only for the cast specimens. To reduce the wear of 316 L steel produced using LPBF, Yin et al [145] used carbon nanotube reinforcement. This resulted in increased hardness of the material and, as a consequence, significantly reduced wear.…”

Section: Selective Laser Melting (Slm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Properties and Tribological Behavior of Additively Manufactured Components: A Systematic Review

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Innovative additive manufacturing processes for resilient and sustainable production will become even more important in the upcoming years. Due to the targeted and flexible use of materials, additive manufacturing allows for conserving resources and lightweight design enabling energy-efficient systems. While additive manufacturing processes were used in the past several decades mainly for high-priced individualized components and prototypes, the focus is now increasingly shifting to near-net-shape series production and the production of spare parts, whereby surface properties and the tribological behavior of the manufactured parts is becoming more and more important. Therefore, the present review provides a comprehensive overview of research in tribology to date in the field of additively manufactured components. Basic research still remains the main focus of the analyzed 165 papers. However, due to the potential of additive manufacturing processes in the area of individualized components, a certain trend toward medical technology applications can be identified for the moment. Regarding materials, the focus of previous studies has been on metals, with stainless steel and titanium alloys being the most frequently investigated materials. On the processing side, powder bed processes are mainly used. Based on the present literature research, the expected future trends in the field of tribology of additively manufactured components can be identified. In addition to further basic research, these include, above all, aspects of process optimization, function integration, coating, and post-treatment of the surfaces.

show abstract

Carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced 316L stainless steel composites made by laser powder bed fusion: Microstructure and wear response

Cited by 25 publications

References 56 publications

Investigations on the temperature-dependent tribological behaviour of spark plasma sintered CNT-304 SS self-lubricating nanocomposites

Investigations on the temperature-dependent tribological behaviour of spark plasma sintered CNT-304 SS self-lubricating nanocomposites

Effects of Initial Microstructure on the Low-Temperature Plasma Nitriding of Ferritic Stainless Steel

Surface Properties and Tribological Behavior of Additively Manufactured Components: A Systematic Review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About