Carbon nanotube coating improves neuronal recordings

Keefer, Edward W.; Botterman, B. R.; Romero, Mario I.; Rossi, Andrew F.; Gross, Guenter W.

doi:10.1038/nnano.2008.174

Cited by 675 publications

(590 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…BMI applications. Indeed, CNTcoated electrodes have been shown to outperform traditional brain implants (tungsten and stainless steel electrodes) by improving electrical stimulation and recordings of neurons, both in vitro and in vivo [29,30]. CNT coating can also cause a decrease in reactive astrogliosis [27,28], the adaptive/defensive response of astrocytes to injuries such as a 'stab' wound due to electrode implantation leading to a scar formation that prevents the regrowth of damaged neurons, hence providing an opportunity for brain parenchyma recovery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing astroglia with carbon nanotubes: modulation of form and function

Gottipati

Verkhratsky

Parpura

2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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0000-0003-2592-9898; VP, 0000-0002-4643-2197 Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have shown much promise in neurobiology and biomedicine. Their structural stability and ease of chemical modification make them compatible for biological applications. In this review, we discuss the effects that chemically functionalized CNTs, applied as colloidal solutes or used as strata, have on the morpho-functional properties of astrocytes, the most abundant cells present in the brain, with an insight into the potential use of CNTs in neural prostheses. Carbon nanotubes as biocompatible materialCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) with their many desirable properties (size, strength, flexibility, conductivity, etc.) have shown much promise in biomedical applications, especially in neural prostheses. They are relatively inert and can be chemically modified using various functional groups depending on the application.CNTs are made up of a single sheet of graphene rolled into a cylinder. They can consist of a single cylinder of graphene, single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs), with diameters ranging from 0.4 to 2 nm, or of multiple coaxial cylinders, multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs), with their outer diameters ranging from 2 to 100 nm and inner diameters ranging from 1 to 3 nm, and lengths ranging from 1 to several micrometres; these coaxial structures can also assume an intermediate form, i.e. double-walled CNTs. CNTs are produced using a variety of methods, including electric arc, laser ablation and chemical vapour deposition in the presence of catalysts, usually Fe, Ni, Co, Y or Mo, or their combinations (e.g. nickel and yttrium, typically, in approx. 4 : 1 weight ratio). Depending on the conformation of the carbon atoms in the graphene sheet, CNTs have three different configurations, which also dictate their conductivity: armchair, chiral or zigzag. All armchair CNTs are metallic, whereas chiral or zigzag CNTs can either be metallic or semiconducting (reviewed in [1,2]).To enhance the biocompatibility of the CNTs, as well as their dispersion in aqueous media, they can be modified via non-covalent or covalent attachment of molecules. A wide range of compounds such as DNA, proteins and lipids can be adsorbed onto the CNTs creating non-covalently functionalized CNTs. However, for a permanent attachment, the compounds have to be covalently linked to the CNTs. The most common way to do this is by incubating the CNTs with a strong oxidizing agent, e.g. nitric acid, which adds carboxyl groups to the ends of the CNTs or any defect sites. To obtain CNTs linked to other compounds, this carboxyl group can be converted to an acyl chloride intermediate, which can then be reacted with the compound of interest, for example, polyethylene glycol (PEG) or poly-m-aminobenzene sulfonic (PABS) acid (reviewed in [3]). Astroglia: the homeostatic scaffold of the central nervous systemAstroglia are a highly heterogeneous population of cells of ectodermal (i.e. neural) origin that provide for homeostasis in the central nervous system (CNS) [4]. In the & 2014 The Author(s) Published by the ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing astroglia with carbon nanotubes: modulation of form and function

Gottipati

Verkhratsky

Parpura

2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…Alternatively, several categories of particulate materials have been explored for the nanomorphological modification of scaffold surfaces (bottom-up approach), including ceramics, polymers and nanotubes (19,20,21,22) . Particle-based surface decoration is highly promising since it is less dependent on the chemical nature of the scaffold material in contrast to lithographical modification.…”

Section: Engineering Scaffold Topographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Mechanical and Biological Control of Cell Proliferation Through Bioinspired Multieffector Materials

Seras‐Franzoso

Tatkiewicz

Vázquez

et al. 2015

Nanomedicine (Lond.)

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In nature, cells respond to complex mechanical and biological stimuli whose understanding is required for tissue construction in regenerative medicine. However, the full replication of such bimodal effector networks is far to be reached. Engineering substrate roughness and architecture allows regulating cell adhesion, positioning, proliferation, differentiation and survival, and the external supply of soluble protein factors (mainly growth factors and hormones) has been long applied to promote growth and differentiation. Further, bio-inspired scaffolds are progressively engineered as reservoirs for the in situ sustained release of soluble protein factors from functional topographies. We review here how research progresses towards the design of integrative, holistic scaffold platforms based on the exploration of individual mechanical and biological effectors and their further combination.

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“…Because of these properties, they are ideal candidates for use in intracortical recording. Already, carbon nanotube coatings have been used to increase biocompatibility of electrode microarrays and were found to improve quality of recordings by lowering impedance and increasing charge transfer [63,64]. Further work has continued in using carbon nanotubes for intracellular recording [65] with promising results.…”

Section: Othersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Between 6-12 weeks no change occurs, suggesting completion of a glial scar by 6 weeks. Image reproduced from [86] Additionally, carbon nanotube coatings have been shown to improve recording capabilities [63]. While there seems to be no concrete evidence from controlled studies suggesting that the immune response is caused by the materials used, the improvements from the use of biocompatible polymers suggests that there is some slight correlation and may be worth pursuing in combination with other mechanisms.…”

Section: Long Term Viabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Implanted intracortical electrodes as chronic neural interfaces to the central nervous system

Henderson

2015

Preprint

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Recent developments in neural interfaces show that it is possible to have fine control of a robotic prosthetic by interfacing with the motor cortex of the human brain. Development of long term systems for this purpose is a challenging task with many different possibilities. Intracortical implants have shown the most promise in providing enough signal selectivity and throughput for complex control systems with many degrees of freedom. Intracortical systems generally fall into two categories: MEMS devices and bundle of wire systems. While both show promise, MEMS systems have been greatly popularized due to their reproducibility. In particular, the Michigan probe and Utah microarray are often used as a base for construction of more complex intracortical systems. However, these systems still carry many downsides. Their long-term viability is questionable, with mixed results. The effects of damage from implantation are still inconclusive and immune responses remain a problem for long-term use. While there is some promising research in the use of bioactive molecules and biocompatible materials to prevent immune responses, more controlled study is needed before intracortical systems become widespread.

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Carbon nanotube coating improves neuronal recordings

Cited by 675 publications

References 35 publications

Probing astroglia with carbon nanotubes: modulation of form and function

Probing astroglia with carbon nanotubes: modulation of form and function

Integrating Mechanical and Biological Control of Cell Proliferation Through Bioinspired Multieffector Materials

Implanted intracortical electrodes as chronic neural interfaces to the central nervous system

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