Carbon nanotube composite hydrogels for vocal fold tissue engineering: Biocompatibility, rheology, and porosity

Ravanbakhsh, Hossein; Bao, Guangyu; Latifi, Neda; Mongeau, Luc

doi:10.1016/j.msec.2019.109861

Cited by 52 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Based on the results of this study and our previous work 17 , two sets of trends were observed for the properties of GC composite hydrogels when carboxylic CNTs were employed. The swelling ratio, porosity, cell viability, and stress relaxation change proportional to the COOH-CNT concentration.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…However, the CNTs that were firmly positioned in CNT250 hydrogel network were potential focal adhesion sites for the encapsulated fibroblasts. As elaborated in our previous work, the gelation mechanism is faster and more complete in CNT250 samples 17 . The cells, therefore, have more focal adhesion sites for anchoring and migrating.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…Besides cell adhesion and gelation time, other characteristics of the hydrogel may affect the cell migration rate 47,48 . The maximum cell migration occurred in CNT250, while the porosity of CNT750 is the highest 17 . This reveals that although porosity is important for cell recruitment and migration, it does not necessarily play the most important role.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The stress relaxation of CNT composite hydrogels was also characterized to investigate its effect on cell migration. Since our previous cell viability experiments were conducted with immortalized human vocal fold fibroblasts 17 , we use the same cell line encapsulated in composite CNT/GC hydrogels to perform the biological experiments. The same protocols are broadly applicable to any cell-material interactions.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Carbon nanotubes promote cell migration in hydrogels

Ravanbakhsh

Bao

Mongeau

2020

Sci Rep

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injectable hydrogels are increasingly used for in situ tissue regeneration and wound healing. ideally, an injectable implant should promote the recruitment of cells from the surrounding native tissue and allow cells to migrate freely as they generate a new extracellular matrix network. nanocomposite hydrogels such as carbon nanotube (cnt)-loaded hydrogels have been hypothesized to promote cell recruitment and cell migration relative to unloaded ones. to investigate this, cnt-glycol chitosan hydrogels were synthesized and studied. Chemoattractant-induced cell migration was studied using a modified Boyden Chamber experiment. Migrated cells were counted using flow cytometry. Cell adhesion was inferred from the morphology of the cells via an image segmentation method. cell migration and recruitment results confirmed that small concentrations of CNT significantly increase cell migration in hydrogels, thereby accelerating tissue regeneration and wound healing in situations where there is insufficient migration in the unloaded matrix. Hydrogels offer many advantages for biomedical applications due to their unique properties, in particular, their biocompatibility, biodegradation rate, mechanical stiffness, hydrophilicity, and porosity 1,2. Nanocomposite hydrogels have the potential to further improve upon these properties through the addition of nanoparticles to pure hydrogels. Such nanocomposite hydrogels have been reported to increase three-and four-dimensional printability, stiffness tunability, and electrical conductivity 3-9. For tissue engineering applications, composite hydrogels should allow sufficient cell adhesion and cell migration within its network. Such cell-biomaterial interaction is known to accelerate wound healing and tissue regeneration in the target region 10,11. Collagen, fibrin, fibronectin, nanoclays, cellulose nanocrystals, cellulose nanowhiskers, graphene oxide, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are among the many functional reinforcements available for fabricating bionanocomposite hydrogels 7,12-16. In our previous work, we found that the addition of CNTs to a glycol-chitosan matrix alters gelation time, porosity, and storage modulus 17. Since their discovery in 1991 by Iijima 18 , CNTs have been broadly used in biomedical applications. The CNTs can firmly attach to proteins and receptors on the cell membrane. The adherence between CNTs and cells is important. Firstly, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) may be employed for the purpose of drug delivery 19. Gangrade et al. took advantage of the thermal properties of the SWCNTs to obtain a temperature-dependent release of preloaded doxorubicin 20. Secondly, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), which due to their size are more practical for tissue engineering applications, can be used as focal adhesion sites to enhance cell adhesion for anchorage-dependent cells such as fibroblasts 21,22. The latter may lead to an increased cell migration rate in CNT-loaded composite hydrogels. The larger diameter of MWCNTs with respect to SWCNTs approximates the p...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon nanotubes promote cell migration in hydrogels

Ravanbakhsh

Bao

Mongeau

2020

Sci Rep

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“…The CNT-CNF/PVAB composite gel presents high compressive modulus (∼93 kPa) and storage modulus (∼7.12 kPa) and assembled CNT-CNF/PVAB supercapacitor presents a specific capacitance of 117.1 g −1 and a capacitance retention of 96.4% after 1000 cycles. Ravanbakhsh et al [118] developed a glycol chitosan/CNT-based composite hydrogels for vocal fold tissue engineering in which glycol chitosan acted as the matrix, glyoxal served as the chemical crosslinker, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were added as the reinforce fillers. The composite hydrogels were extensively tested by scanning electron microscopy, rheological analysis and cell viability analysis.…”

Section: Polymerization Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon nanotubes and their polymeric composites: the applications in tissue engineering

Huang

2020

Biomanuf Rev

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), with unique graphitic structure, superior mechanical, electrical, optical and biological properties, has attracted more and more interests in biomedical applications, including gene/drug delivery, bioimaging, biosensor and tissue engineering. In this review, we focus on the role of CNTs and their polymeric composites in tissue engineering applications, with emphasis on their usages in the nerve, cardiac and bone tissue regenerations. The intrinsic natures of CNTs including their physical and chemical properties are first introduced, explaining the structure effects on CNTs electrical conductivity and various functionalization of CNTs to improve their hydrophobic characteristics. Biosafety issues of CNTs are also discussed in detail including the potential reasons to induce the toxicity and their potential strategies to minimise the toxicity effects. Several processing strategies including solution-based processing, polymerization, melt-based processing and grafting methods are presented to show the 2D/3D construct formations using the polymeric composite containing CNTs. For the sake of improving mechanical, electrical and biological properties and minimising the potential toxicity effects, recent advances using polymer/CNT composite the tissue engineering applications are displayed and they are mainly used in the neural tissue (to improve electrical conductivity and biological properties), cardiac tissue (to improve electrical, elastic properties and biological properties) and bone tissue (to improve mechanical properties and biological properties). Current limitations of CNTs in the tissue engineering are discussed and the corresponded future prospective are also provided. Overall, this review indicates that CNTs are promising “next-generation” materials for future biomedical applications.

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