Polymers are often used as adhesives
to improve the mechanical
properties of flexible electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding
layered films, but the introduction of these insulating adhesives
inevitably reduces the EMI performance. Herein, ultrafine aramid nanofibers
(UANF) with a diameter of only 2.44 nm were used as the binder to
effectively infiltrate and minimize the insulating gaps in MXene films,
for balancing the EMI shielding and mechanical properties. Combining
the evaporation-induced scalable assembly assisted by blade coating,
flexible large-scale MXene/UANF films with highly aligned and compact
MXene stacking are successfully fabricated. Compared with the conventional
ANF with a larger diameter of 7.05 nm, the UANF-reinforced MXene film
exhibits a “brick-mortar” structure with higher orientation
and compacter stacking MXene nanosheets, thus showing the higher mechanical
properties, electrical conductivity, and EMI shielding performance.
By optimizing MXene content, the MXene/UANF film can achieve the optimal
tensile strength of 156.9 MPa, a toughness of 2.9 MJ m−3, satisfactory EMI shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of 40.7 dB, and
specific EMI SE (SSE/t) of 22782.4 dB cm2/g). Moreover,
the composite film exhibits multisource thermal conversion functions
including Joule heating and photothermal conversion. Therefore, the
multifunctional MXene/UANF EMI shielding film with flexibility, foldability,
and robust mechanical properties shows the practical potential in
complex application environments.