Carbon Nanotube Gas and Vapor Sensors

Kauffman, Douglas R.; Star, Alexander

doi:10.1002/anie.200704488

Cited by 785 publications

(610 citation statements)

References 218 publications

(177 reference statements)

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“…[7] This high affinity for CO over O 2 of hemoglobin and myoglobin is the underlying mechanism of carbon monoxide poisoning in mammals. [8,9] Although detectors for CO are available, there remains a need for massively [16,17] Theoretical and experimental reports have suggested that CO does not engage in charge transfer with pristine SWCNTs, [18][19][20] indicating the a chemical reactive interface is necessary. Conductivity-based CO detection has been reported for carboxylate-containing, [19] deformed, [21] or doped SWCNTs, [22] as well as SWCNTs dispersed in polymers [23] or decorated with metallic nanoparticles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sensors without iron porphyrin-both pristine (not shown) and functionalized (black curve) SWCNTsshowed negligible responses to CO, which was consistent with the previous reports. [18][19][20]27] Sensors with iron porphyrin showed dosimetric responses indicating irreversibility over the experimental time frame. Pristine SWCNTs (lacking the 4-pyridyl anchor group) when treated with Fe(tpp)ClO 4 (green curve) showed a modest response (−0.57 ± 0.09%).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…[10][11][12][13][14][15] Random networks of functionalized SWCNTs have produced sensors that are inexpensive to fabricate, operate at room temperature, and have ultra-low power requirements. [16,17] Theoretical and experimental reports have suggested that CO does not engage in charge transfer with pristine SWCNTs, [18][19][20] indicating the a chemical reactive interface is necessary. Conductivity-based CO detection has been reported for carboxylate-containing, [19] deformed, [21] or doped SWCNTs, [22] as well as SWCNTs dispersed in polymers [23] or decorated with metallic nanoparticles.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Bio‐Inspired Carbon Monoxide Sensors with Voltage‐Activated Sensitivity

Savagatrup

Schroeder

et al. 2017

Angewandte Chemie

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Correspondence to: Timothy M. Swager. + These authors contributed equally to this work.Supporting information and the ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under: https://doi.org/ 10.1002/anie.201707491. Conflict of interestThe authors declare the following competing financial interest(s): A patent has been filed on this technology. HHS Public Access Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript Author ManuscriptCarbon monoxide (CO) outcompetes oxygen when binding to the iron center of hemeproteins, leading to a reduction in blood oxygen level and acute poisoning. Harvesting the strong specific interaction between CO and the iron porphyrin provides a highly selective and customizable sensor. We report the development of chemiresistive sensors with voltage-activated sensitivity for the detection of CO comprising iron porphyrin and functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (F-SWCNTs). Modulation of the gate voltage offers a predicted extra dimension for sensing. Specifically, the sensors show significant increase in sensitivity toward CO when negative gate voltage is applied. The dosimetric sensors are selective to ppm levels of CO and functional in air. UV/Vis spectroscopy, differential pulse voltammetry, and density functional theory reveal that the in situ reduction of Fe III to Fe II enhances the interaction between the F-SWCNTs and CO. Our results illustrate a new mode of sensors wherein redox active recognition units are voltageactivated to give enhanced and highly specific responses. CommunicationsRevving up for sensing: A platform for voltage-activated, chemiresistive gas detection has been delveloped based on covalently functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes decorated with voltage-responsive chemical selectors. The sensor is highly selective towards CO in the presence of oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide and is robust to humidity and remains operational in air. KeywordsCarbon monoxide; carbon nanotubes; iron porphyrin; sensors; voltage-activated Carbon monoxide (CO) is responsible for more than half of all fatal poisoning worldwide. [1] Exposure to the colorless, tasteless, and odorless gas is difficult to discern as the initial symptoms of poisoning (headache, dizziness, and confusion) are nonspecific. In the United States, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has designated permissible exposure limits of 50 ppm over eight hours and 200 ppm over five minutes. [2] The affinity of iron porphyrin towards CO is well-documented for the enzymes cytochrome P450, [3][4][5] hemoglobin, [6] and myoglobin. [7] This high affinity for CO over O 2 of hemoglobin and myoglobin is the underlying mechanism of carbon monoxide poisoning in mammals. [8,9] Although detectors for CO are available, there remains a need for massively [16,17] Theoretical and experimental reports have suggested that CO does not engage in charge transfer with pristine SWCNTs, [18][19][20] indicating the a chemical reactive interface is necessary. Conductivity...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Bio‐Inspired Carbon Monoxide Sensors with Voltage‐Activated Sensitivity

Savagatrup

Schroeder

et al. 2017

Angewandte Chemie

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“…With the great progress achieved in this field, CNTs have been used to synthesize not only various polymer/CNTs composites [4][5][6][7][8] but also various CNTs/metal oxide hybrids [9][10][11][12][13], where CNTs can serve as high-performance supporting materials. The decoration of CNTs with metal oxide nanoparticles can give them new properties and potentials for various applications [14][15][16][17][18]. Among them, the CNTs coated Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles have attracted much increasing interest because of the excellent magnetic and biocompatible properties, which make them to be applied in electrochemical biosensing [19], biomanipulation [20], targeted drug delivery [21] and contaminant treatment [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon nanotubes/magnetite hybrids prepared by a facile synthesis process and their magnetic properties

Zhang

Natsuki

et al. 2009

Applied Surface Science

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In this paper, a facile synthesis process is proposed to prepare multi-walled carbon nanotubes/magnetite (MWCNTs/Fe 3 O 4 ) hybrids. The process involves two steps: 1) water-soluble CNTs are synthesized by one-pot modification using potassium persulfate (KPS) as oxidant. 2) Fe 3 O 4 is assembled along the treated CNTs by employing a facile hydrothermal process with the presence of hydrazine hydrate as the mineralizer. The treated CNTs can be easily dispersed in aqueous solvent. Moreover, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis reveals that several functional groups such as potassium carboxylate (-COOK), carbonyl (-C=O) and hydroxyl (-C-OH) groups are formed on the nanotube surfaces. The MWCNTs/Fe 3 O 4 hybrids are characterized with respect to crystal structure, morphology, element composition and magnetic property by x-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), XPS and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer. XRD and TEM results show that the Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles with diameter in the range of 20-60 nm were firmly assembled on the nanotube surface. The magnetic property investigation indicated that the CNTs/Fe 3 O 4 hybrids exhibit a ferromagnetic behavior and possess a saturation magnetization of 32.2 emu/g. Further investigation indicates that the size of assembled Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles can be turned by varying experiment factors. Moreover, a probable growth mechanism for the preparation of CNTs/Fe 3 O 4 hybrids was discussed.

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“…One of the most important applications of such gas sensors involves the ability to monitor the leakage of nitrogen-based gases such as ammonia (NH 3 ) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) in the air because these chemicals adversely affect human and environmental health [5]. NH 3 is primarily a concern in areas of high agricultural activity because it is a natural waste product of livestock whereas it can also be a product of industrial sources, including the manufacturing of basic chemicals, metals, and textile products as well as automotive emissions.…”

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confidence: 99%