Carbon nanotube-modified monolithic polymethacrylate pipette tips for (micro)solid-phase extraction of antidepressants from urine samples

Abstract

This work evaluates the potential of methacrylate monoliths with multi-walled carbon nanotubes incorporated into the polymeric network for the extraction of antidepressants from human urine. The method is based on a micropipette solid-phase extraction tip containing a hybrid monolithic material covalently attached to the polypropylene housing. A polymer layer made from poly(ethylene dimethacrylate) was bound to the inner surface of a polypropylene tip via UV grafting. The preparation of the monolith and the microextraction steps were optimized in terms of adsorption capacity. Limits of detection ranged from 9 to 15 μg·L. The average precision of the method varied between 3 and 5% (intra-tips), and from 4 to 14% (inter-tips). The accuracy of the method was evaluated through a recovery study by using spiked samples. Graphical abstract Hybrid polymer monoliths containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were prepared in pipette tips by photo-polymerization approach. The extraction devices were used for the extraction of antidepressants in urine samples.

Carbon Nanohorn Suprastructures on a Paper Support as a Sorptive Phase

“…Table 1 summarizes and compares the sensitivity levels provided by different analytical methods [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ] proposed for the determination of antidepressant drugs in biological fluids. The new approach provided the best results thanks to the use of direct infusion MS as instrumental technique.…”

Recent strategies to enhance the performance of polymer monoliths for analytical separations

“…The resulting monoliths with CNTs provided an improved extraction of triazines in capillary format . Monolithic polymethacrylate pipette tips modified with CNTs were applied for the (micro)solid‐phase extraction of anti‐depressants from urine samples by directly adding the CNTs to the polymerization mixture, becoming embedded to the final monolith . Single‐walled carbon nanohorns (SWNHs) have been also incorporated to the monolith precursor mixtures, followed by the formation of the final composite monolith by photopolymerization.…”

“…Single‐walled carbon nanohorns (SWNHs) have been also incorporated to the monolith precursor mixtures, followed by the formation of the final composite monolith by photopolymerization. The resulting stationary phases with embedded SWNHs showed improved separation performance compared to an identical polymer monolith prepared in the absence of SWNHs . A similar approach was developed to prepare polymer monolith containing SWNHs in a spin column format for the extraction of NSAIDs from human urine .…”

Pipette tip micro‐solid phase extraction (octyl‐functionalized hybrid silica monolith) and ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry to determine cannabidiol and tetrahydrocannabinol in plasma samples

“…Many sorbent materials, like silica-based materials (C18, C8, C4), strong cationic exchange, HILIC, and carbon, are commercially available to extract various analytes from different matrices [26]. However, because biological samples are complex, selective materials, such as molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) [28,29], ionic liquids [30], and monolithic phases [31], have been investigated for PT-μ-SPE.…”