Carbon nanotube-reinforced epoxy-composites: enhanced stiffness and fracture toughness at low nanotube content

Gojny, Florian H.; Wichmann, Malte H.G.; Köpke, Ulf; Fiedler, Bodo; Schulte, Karl

doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2004.04.002

Cited by 1,389 publications

(776 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The toughening mechanisms of GNP nanocomposites were identified crack tip pinning and bifurcation, similar to organoclay reinforced epoxy nanocomposites [7]. Apart from these mechanisms, additional toughening mechanisms arising from CNTs in the hybrid nanocomposites are tube pull-out and crack tip bridging [8], as revealed in our fracture analysis.…”

Section: Mechanical and Fracture Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 81%

Hybrid nanocomposites containing carbon nanotubes and graphite nanoplatelets

Wong

Kim

2008

Materials Science and Engineering: A

179

100

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The effects of hybrid carbon nanotubes (GNP) and graphite nanoplatelets (GNPs) on the mechanical and electronic properties of epoxy nanocomposites are studied. When the total reinforcement contents were fixed at 2wt%, the nanocomposite containing 1% GNP and 1% CNT achieved the highest electrical conductivity of 4.7×10 -3 S/cm, which was more than two orders of magnitude higher than that of nanocomposites with 2wt% GNP alone. Although the flexural properties were only marginally changed by hybridization, the quasi-static fracture toughness could be enhanced significantly by increasing the CNT contents. Other synergic effects arising from the hybridization are discussed.

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Section: Mechanical and Fracture Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 81%

Hybrid nanocomposites containing carbon nanotubes and graphite nanoplatelets

Wong

Kim

2008

Materials Science and Engineering: A

179

100

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“…Mechanical properties of composites are more related to particle size, loading, and filler-matrix interfacial adhesion [44]. The interfacial property is important for the evaluation of the mechanical load transfer from polymer matrix to fillers [127,128]. For instance, strength and toughness of the composites strongly depend on the interfacial adhesion.…”

Section: Influence Of Interface On Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on the role of interface in mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of polymer composites

Kashfipour

Mehra

Zhu

2018

Adv Compos Hybrid Mater

173

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Composite materials and especially polymer composites are widely used in daily life and different industries due to their vastly different properties and design flexibility. It is known that the properties of the composites are strongly related to the properties of its constituents. However, it has been reported in many studies, experimentally and by simulations, that the characteristics of the composites do not follow the rule of mixing. It means that in addition to properties of the constituents, there are other parameters affecting the final physicochemical properties of composites. The interfacial interactions between fillers and host is one of the factors which can strongly affect the properties of the composite. In this review, we summarized the type of interactions between the constituents, their improvement techniques, interaction measurement methods, and the effects of interfacial interactions on thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties of composites.

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“…In fact, Gojny's 2004 work used only 0.1 wt % CNT to show the effectiveness of processing method in dispersing CNTs. 14 Furthermore, Gonjalez et al studied the noncovalent wrapping of CNT with block copolymer and found that 0.5 wt % concentration of noncovalently wrapped CNTs provided the highest improvement in the mechanical properties of CNT/ epoxy nanocomposites. 15 This report motivated us to choose 0.5 wt % CNT concentration in our studies to investigate the effect of processing methods.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…31 Proper selection of solvent and the use of an efficient solvent removal method is essential when considering solvent-based methods to disperse MWCNTs in a polymer matrix. 31 Alternatively, solvent free processing methods (e.g., stirring, kneading, extrusion, shear mixing, 32 high pressure homogenizer, 18 calendaring, or three-roll mill 33 ) have been studied to formulate homogenous MWCNT/polymer composites. While there is a substantial amount of literature available for three-roll mill and US processing methods; limited literature is available on the use of high shear mixing methods, such as planetary shear mixing and microfluidics (MF), to deagglomerate CNTs in polymer nanocomposites.…”

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confidence: 99%

The effect of mixing methods on the dispersion of carbon nanotubes during the solvent‐free processing of multiwalled carbon nanotube/epoxy composites

Gupta

Sydlik

Schnorr

et al. 2012

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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Several solvent-free processing methods to disperse multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in bisphenol F-based epoxy resin were investigated, including the use of a microfluidizer (MF), planetary shear mixer (PSM), ultrasonication (US) and combinations. The processed mixture was cured with diethyl toluene diamine. Three complimentary techniques were used to characterize the dispersion of the MWCNTs in cured composite samples: optical microscopy, micro Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For sample MF þ PSM, optical micrographs and Raman images showed reduced agglomeration and a homogeneous distribution of MWCNTs in the epoxy matrix. SEM analysis of fractured specimen after tensile testing revealed breakage of nanotubes along the fracture surface of the composite. A comparison of the MWCNT dispersion in the epoxy samples processed using different methods showed that a combination of MF and PSM processing yields a more homogeneous sample than the PSM or US þ PSM processed samples. Mechanical testing of the composites showed about 15% improvement in the tensile strength of samples processed by the MF þ PSM method over other methods. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results showed a small decrease in the onset degradation temperature for poorly dispersed samples produced by PSM compared with the well-mixed samples (MF þ PSM). These results strongly suggest that the MF þ PSM processing method yield better-dispersed and stronger MWCNT/epoxy composites.

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Carbon nanotube-reinforced epoxy-composites: enhanced stiffness and fracture toughness at low nanotube content

Cited by 1,389 publications

References 24 publications

Hybrid nanocomposites containing carbon nanotubes and graphite nanoplatelets

Hybrid nanocomposites containing carbon nanotubes and graphite nanoplatelets

A review on the role of interface in mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of polymer composites

The effect of mixing methods on the dispersion of carbon nanotubes during the solvent‐free processing of multiwalled carbon nanotube/epoxy composites

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