Carbon Nanotube Resonator in Liquid

Sawano, Shunichi; Arie, Takayuki; Akita, Seiji

doi:10.1021/nl101292b

Cited by 57 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The fabrication process of cantilevered CNTs is described elsewhere. 12 Briefly, multi-walled CNTs used were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition, followed by a post annealing at temperatures higher than 1500 • C to improve their stiffness. Individual CNTs were then aligned at the edge of a Si chip by an AC electrophoresis method.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have recently studied the energy losses of the CNT oscillation, 10,11 and the influence of the viscous fluid to the CNT oscillation at various temperatures toward mass measurement of biological molecules. 12 However, with the resonance of CNTs, we are unable to measure the static minute force such as interactions of proteins attached to a CNT. The measurement of the static displacement of a CNT tip is required to use the CNT cantilever as a force sensing device.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A multi-walled carbon nanotube cantilever for interaction force sensing in liquid

2012

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We demonstrated the measurement of interaction force between molecules using a multi-walled carbon nanotube cantilever under light microscopy. The deflection of the nanotube cantilever was monitored at the video frame rate during the force measurement. We also investigated the detection sensitivity and stability of our deflection detection system, and indicated that the measurement of “nm order” displacement can be achieved in water by our optical detection technique. The interaction force we measured using a cantilevered nanotube was 230 pN, possibly indicating the force required to rupture the weak bonds between the adsorbed polymers on the tungsten tip and proteins at the tip of the nanotube cantilever

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multi-walled carbon nanotube cantilever for interaction force sensing in liquid

2012

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“…Nano-devices that take advantage of the low density, high aspect ratio, and high conductivity of a CNT include nano-resonators [1][2][3][4] or mass sensors. [5][6][7] Nano-resonators are based on electromechanical resonance responses of a cantilevered CNT to electrostatic excitation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A mass sensor for detecting a metal atom can be used in vacuum or in air, but a biosensor needs to be operated in an environment that preserves the shape, functions, and mechanical or chemical properties of biological entities. In this respect, Sawano et al 3 examined the frequency response of the CNT resonator in water or air. Adhikari and Chowdhury 6 investigated the resonance frequency shift due to an attached point mass or a distributed load over the surface of CNT biosensors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical investigation of nonlinear resonances in a carbon nanotube cantilever with a tip-mass under electrostatic excitation

Kim

Lee

2013

Journal of Applied Physics

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The nonlinear dynamics of a resonating carbon nanotube (CNT) cantilever having an attached mass at the tip ("tip mass") were investigated by incorporating electrostatic forces and intermolecular interactions between the CNT and a conducting plane surface. This work enables applications of CNT resonating sensors for tiny mass detection and provides a better understanding of the dynamics of CNT cantilevers. The effect of tip mass on a resonating CNT cantilever is normally characterized by the fundamental frequency shift in the linear resonance regime. However, there are more complex dynamics in the nonlinear resonance regime, such as secondary resonances with parametric excitation. The latter have been limited to nano-cantilevers without tip mass or to axially excited micro-beams. To analyze the nonlinear dynamics, we developed a differential equation model that includes both geometric and inertial nonlinear terms for the large vibration amplitudes at increasing drive forces. In our approach, we used Galerkin discretization techniques and numerical integration methods. The CNT cantilever exhibited complex nonlinear responses due to the applied AC and DC voltages and various tip masses. The nonlinear model had a softer response for increasing tip mass than those of the linear model with the same driving conditions. At low applied voltages, the cantilever had linear amplitude and phase responses at primary and secondary superharmonic resonance frequencies. The response branches were softened at the primary resonance through saddle-node (SN) bifurcation from harmonic electrostatic excitation at higher applied voltages. After SN bifurcation, the lower branch of the solution near resonance became unstable. In addition, theoretical analyses were performed on more complex nonlinear responses and stability changes with tip mass variations, such as perioddoubling (PD) bifurcation at subharmonic resonance frequencies.

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“…Various applications from sensors, actuators to relays are proposed and many of these ideas are already established as building blocks in the nanoelectromechanical systems. However, except for all the aforementioned merits, a critical issue in the way towards practical applications exists as the perturbation from the surrounding environment, which modifies the device behavior significantly at nanoscale 4 . A practical question thus naturally raised for these important applications is that how these devices operate under a humid condition.…”

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confidence: 99%

Viscous damping of nanobeam resonators: Humidity, thermal noise, and a paddling effect

Chen

Liu

et al. 2011

Journal of Applied Physics

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The nanobeam resonator is the key mechanical component in the nano-electromechanical system. In addition to its high frequency originating from its low dimension, the performance is significantly influenced by the circumstances, especially at nanoscale where a large surface area of the material is exposed. Molecular dynamics simulations and theoretical analysis are used for a quantitative prediction on the damping behavior, such as the critical damping condition and lifetime, of nanobeam resonators that directly maps the fluid-structure properties and interaction information into dynamical behaviors.We show here how the humidity defines the critical damping condition through viscous forces, marking the transition from under-damping to over-damping regime at elevated humidity. Novel phenomena such as the thermal fluctuation and paddling effects are also discussed.

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Carbon Nanotube Resonator in Liquid

Cited by 57 publications

References 31 publications

A multi-walled carbon nanotube cantilever for interaction force sensing in liquid

A multi-walled carbon nanotube cantilever for interaction force sensing in liquid

Theoretical investigation of nonlinear resonances in a carbon nanotube cantilever with a tip-mass under electrostatic excitation

Viscous damping of nanobeam resonators: Humidity, thermal noise, and a paddling effect

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