Carbon Nanotubes: An Emerging Drug Delivery Carrier in Cancer Therapeutics

Panigrahi, Biman Kumar; Nayak, Amit Kumar

doi:10.2174/1567201817999200508092821

Cited by 39 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…Abnormal cells come from any tissue in the human body and can occur anywhere in the body [ 56 , 57 ]. The malignancies caused by this uncontrolled multiplication are numerous and difficult to control therapeutically [ 58 , 59 ].…”

Section: Pharmacological Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pharmacological Activities of Crocus sativus L.: A Review Based on the Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities of its Phytoconstituents

Butnariu

Quispe

Herrera‐Bravo

et al. 2022

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Crocus species are mainly distributed in North Africa, Southern and Central Europe, and Western Asia, used in gardens and parks as ornamental plants, while Crocus sativus L. (saffron) is the only species that is cultivated for edible purpose. The use of saffron is very ancient; besides the use as a spice, saffron has long been known also for its medical and coloring qualities. Due to its distinctive flavor and color, it is used as a spice, which imparts food preservative activity owing to its antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. This updated review discusses the biological properties of Crocus sativus L. and its phytoconstituents, their pharmacological activities, signaling pathways, and molecular targets, therefore highlighting it as a potential herbal medicine. Clinical studies regarding its pharmacologic potential in clinical therapeutics and toxicity studies were also reviewed. For this updated review, a search was performed in the PubMed, Science, and Google Scholar databases using keywords related to Crocus sativus L. and the biological properties of its phytoconstituents. From this search, only the relevant works were selected. The phytochemistry of the most important bioactive compounds in Crocus sativus L. such as crocin, crocetin, picrocrocin, and safranal and also dozens of other compounds was studied and identified by various physicochemical methods. Isolated compounds and various extracts have proven their pharmacological efficacy at the molecular level and signaling pathways both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, toxicity studies and clinical trials were analyzed. The research results highlighted the various pharmacological potentials such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, antidepressant, hypolipidemic, and antihyperglycemic properties and protector of retinal lesions. Due to its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, saffron has proven effective as a natural food preservative. Starting from the traditional uses for the treatment of several diseases, the bioactive compounds of Crocus sativus L. have proven their effectiveness in modern pharmacological research. However, pharmacological studies are needed in the future to identify new mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetic studies, new pharmaceutical formulations for target transport, and possible interaction with allopathic drugs.

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Section: Pharmacological Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pharmacological Activities of Crocus sativus L.: A Review Based on the Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities of its Phytoconstituents

Butnariu

Quispe

Herrera‐Bravo

et al. 2022

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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“…Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are considered to be a very potent drug delivery vehicle for small molecules and biologics due to their properties, such as high surface area to volume ratio, superior efficacy, enhanced specificity and mild side effects 86 . To our knowledge, CNTs are widely applied in tumour treatment 87,88 . However, the further application of CNTs in cancer treatment is limited by the lack of water solubility and cytotoxicity due to their hydrophobic surfaces 89 .…”

Section: Cpps and Anti‐cancer Cargoes Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of cell‐penetrating peptides in potential anti‐cancer therapy

Zhou

Zou

Cheng

et al. 2022

Clinical & Translational Med

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Due to the complex physiological structure, microenvironment and multiple physiological barriers, traditional anti‐cancer drugs are severely restricted from reaching the tumour site. Cell‐penetrating peptides (CPPs) are typically made up of 5–30 amino acids, and can be utilised as molecular transporters to facilitate the passage of therapeutic drugs across physiological barriers. Up to now, CPPs have widely been used in many anti‐cancer treatment strategies, serving as an excellent potential choice for oncology treatment. However, their drawbacks, such as the lack of cell specificity, short duration of action, poor stability in vivo, compatibility problems (i.e. immunogenicity), poor therapeutic efficacy and formation of unwanted metabolites, have limited their further application in cancer treatment. The cellular uptake mechanisms of CPPs involve mainly endocytosis and direct penetration, but still remain highly controversial in academia. The CPPs‐based drug delivery strategy could be improved by clever design or chemical modifications to develop the next‐generation CPPs with enhanced cell penetration capability, stability and selectivity. In addition, some recent advances in targeted cell penetration that involve CPPs provide some new ideas to optimise CPPs.

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“…These nanomaterials have good biocompatibility and a high surface area for loading the drug substance. At the moment, only physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties of carbon nanotubes with TMZ included in their structure have been studied [ 114 , 115 , 116 ].…”

Section: Nanoscale Delivery Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temozolomide Efficacy and Metabolism: The Implicit Relevance of Nanoscale Delivery Systems

et al. 2022

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The most common primary malignant brain tumors in adults are gliomas. Glioblastoma is the most prevalent and aggressive tumor subtype of glioma. Current standards for the treatment of glioblastoma include a combination of surgical, radiation, and drug therapy methods. The drug therapy currently includes temozolomide (TMZ), an alkylating agent, and bevacizumab, a recombinant monoclonal IgG1 antibody that selectively binds to and inhibits the biological activity of vascular endothelial growth factor. Supplementation of glioblastoma radiation therapy with TMZ increased patient survival from 12.1 to 14.6 months. The specificity of TMZ effect on brain tumors is largely determined by special aspects of its pharmacokinetics. TMZ is an orally bioavailable prodrug, which is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and is converted to its active alkylating metabolite 5-(3-methyl triazen-1-yl)imidazole-4-carbozamide (MTIC) spontaneously in physiological condition that does not require hepatic involvement. MTIC produced in the plasma is not able to cross the BBB and is formed locally in the brain. A promising way to increase the effectiveness of TMZ chemotherapy for glioblastoma is to prevent its hydrolysis in peripheral tissues and thereby increase the drug concentration in the brain that nanoscale delivery systems can provide. The review discusses possible ways to increase the efficacy of TMZ using nanocarriers.

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Carbon Nanotubes: An Emerging Drug Delivery Carrier in Cancer Therapeutics

Cited by 39 publications

References 119 publications

The Pharmacological Activities of Crocus sativus L.: A Review Based on the Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities of its Phytoconstituents

The Pharmacological Activities of Crocus sativus L.: A Review Based on the Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities of its Phytoconstituents

The role of cell‐penetrating peptides in potential anti‐cancer therapy

Temozolomide Efficacy and Metabolism: The Implicit Relevance of Nanoscale Delivery Systems

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