Carbon nanotubes and nanofibers as strain and damage sensors for smart cement

Dalla, Panagiota T.; Dassios, Konstantinos G.; Tragazikis, Ilias Κ.; Exarchos, Dimitrios A.; Matikas, Theodore E.

doi:10.1016/j.mtcomm.2016.07.004

Cited by 72 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…DC electrical conductivity was measured using a custom-built contact electrical conductivity probe connected to an ultra-high precision digital electrometer/high resistance meter (Keithley 6517B, Tektronix Inc., Beaverton, OR, USA) capable of measuring resistances up to 1018 with a 10 × 10 −18 A current resolution. The probe, presented in detail in reference [2], consists of a circular head comprised of 22 concentrically-arranged spring-loaded pin electrodes with conductive rubber ends for optimal contact with the non-planar cement surfaces. The head rested on a z-translational stage, which could be lowered and brought into contact with the specimen at constant force by means of a lever.…”

Section: Electrical Conductivity Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the above results, chloride diffusion in the processed mortars appears to be strongly linked with CNT concentration. This is due to a combination of mechanisms, one related to the raise of electric conductivity for CNT concentrations above the percolation threshold [2], the other associated to the fact that CNT addition lowers porosity values in the material. Hence, CNTs affect chloride diffusivity both directly, by affecting electrical transport properties, but also indirectly, by affecting the microstructure.…”

Section: Porositymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lately, there is increasing attention towards incorporating nanoparticles in building materials for improvement of their mechanical and electrical performance as well as endowment of multi-functionality to the structure [1][2][3]. Relevant studies have explored the use, in cement-based materials, of such nano-reinforcements such as nano-CaCO 3 [4], nano-SiO 2 [5], as well as carbon-nanofibers (CNFs) [2], graphene nano-platelets [6,7] and carbon-nanotubes (CNTs) [8,9]. It has been reported that homogeneously-dispersed nano-particles can fill inherent voids in cement structures, hence lowering the porosity and increasing their strength and durability [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Carbon Nanotubes on Chloride Penetration in Cement Mortars

et al. 2019

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The study investigates the effect of carbon nanotubes on chloride penetration in nano-modified mortars and reports on the physical, electrical, and mechanical performance of the material. Mortars were artificially corroded and their surface electrical surface conductivity as well as flexural and compressive strength were measured. The influence of variable nanotube concentration in accelerated corrosion damage was evaluated. Nanotube concentration was found to significantly affect the permeability of the mortars; improvements in flexural and compressive response of mortars exposed to salt spray fog, compared to virgin specimens, were rationalized upon decreases in the apparent porosity of the materials due to filling of the pores with sodium chloride. Electrical resistivity was found to increase up to two orders of magnitude with respect to the surface value; above the percolation threshold, the property impressively increased up to five orders of magnitude.

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Section: Electrical Conductivity Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Porositymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Carbon Nanotubes on Chloride Penetration in Cement Mortars

et al. 2019

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“…Carbon nanotubes (CNT), carbon fibers (CF), carbon nanofibers (CNF), and carbon black (CB) have commonly been used as functional fillers to increase the conductivity of cementitious composites and enable the material to sense strain and monitor the damage [3,4,9,14,15,16].…”

Section: Self-sensing Cementitious Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dalla et al [16] prepared mortar specimens with CNT and CNF and investigated their strain and damage sensing potentials. CNT-based and CNF-based mortar specimens were tested in cyclic compression test and fully recoverable electrical resistivity was observed.…”

Section: Self-sensing Cementitious Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-sensing Cementitious Composites with Graphene Nanoplatelets

Jiang

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Traditional strategies in structural health monitoring of civil infrastructure systems involve a limited number of distributed sensors over a relatively large area. The high cost, low durability, and weak compatibility with host structure are among the challenges for conventional sensors. Cement-based self-sensing composites with intrinsic strain-and damage-sensing capabilities can be a more practical and sustainable alternative to monitor the health of concrete structures. Numerous research studies have been conducted to explore behavior of self-sensing cementitious composites with different functional fillers. Most of previous studies investigated the use of fillers such as carbon fiber (CF), carbon nanofiber (CNF), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in cement composites as a method to develop multifunctionality in the base material.More recently, graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), which have very thin (several layer thickness of graphene sheet) but wide aspect ratio, are gaining traction in the graphene market due to their advantages such as ease of processing and excellent material properties at a very low cost.However, the understanding of behavior of cementitious composites with GNPs is still in its infancy. In addition, although a large number of efforts have been made to develop intrinsically self-sensing cementitious materials with different nano fillers, fewer efforts have been made to find simple, repeatable, and large-scale fabrication procedures of these multifunctional composites. Therefore, there is a need for further research on the practical and scalable fabrication methods for the development of cement-based self-sensing composites using GNPs.The objective of this study is to explore the development of self-sensing cementitious composites with GNPs using a simple fabrication method and investigate the piezoelectric characteristics of the developed composites. Systematic studies were conducted to determine the influence of GNP concentration ratio and mixing method on the electrical conductivity of GNPbased self-sensing cementitious composites. In particular, two fabrication methods that do not require any special treating procedure such as ultrasonication and covalent treatment were considered. For the detection of percolation threshold, which roughly represents the optimal quantity of the GNPs required achieving satisfactory self-sensing, the specimens with various GNP concentration were prepared. For measuring the electrical resistivity, four copper meshes were used as electrodes and embedded into the specimens immediately after casting. Cyclic compression tests were conducted to explore piezoresistive behavior of the specimens with 4 different GNP concentrations. To better assess the GNP dispersion at the specimens prepared using different mixing method, scanning electron microscopy images of the tested specimens were taken. Results revealed that the GNP-reinforced cementitious composites exhibit good piezoresistive behavior with high gage factors up to 125 under cyclic compressive loads when th...

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Self‐damage sensing of electrically conductive self‐compacting concrete incorporating short carbon fibers

Gull

Tantray

2021

Struct Control Health Monit

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This study focused on the incorporation of pitch-based short carbon fibers in the self-compacting concrete (SCC) to obtain electrically conductive carbon fiber-based SCC (CFBSCC) composite. The dispersion of carbon fiber in the SCC was done utilizing a low-speed mechanical churner along with a surfactant. The ultimate goal was to impart the smart properties of carbon fiber into SCC to form electrically conductive CFBSCC which could sense its own stress, strain, or damage without using external sensors thereby developing a self-sensing concrete. The impact of the volume of carbon fibers on the compressive strength and electrical properties for 10 SCC mixes were investigated. The conductive CFBSCC was further investigated for its smart self-sensing behavior by correlating it with the piezoresistive properties. Test results showed that the incorporation of carbon fibers in SCC can improve its compressive strength properties and electrical conducting properties depending upon the percentage of carbon fibers employed. It was also found that the self-sensing ability can be developed in SCC using carbon fibers.

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Carbon nanotubes and nanofibers as strain and damage sensors for smart cement

Cited by 72 publications

References 33 publications

Effect of Carbon Nanotubes on Chloride Penetration in Cement Mortars

Effect of Carbon Nanotubes on Chloride Penetration in Cement Mortars

Self-sensing Cementitious Composites with Graphene Nanoplatelets

Self‐damage sensing of electrically conductive self‐compacting concrete incorporating short carbon fibers

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