Carbon Nanotubes and Nanofibers in Catalysis

Serp, Philippe

doi:10.1002/9780470403709.ch9

Cited by 125 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 384 publications

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“…Unlike carbon blacks, CNTs are nearly 100% sp2 hybridized, which provides them with a much higher electronic conductivity than carbon black [16]. This is advantageous when electrons must rapidly transport through the support.…”

Section: Carbon Nanotubes (Cnts)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Mesoporous Carbon Supports for PEMFC Catalysts

et al. 2015

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Over the past decade; a significant amount of research has been performed on novel carbon supports for use in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Specifically, carbon nanotubes, ordered mesoporous carbon, and colloid imprinted carbons have shown great promise for improving the activity and/or stability of Pt-based nanoparticle catalysts. In this work, a brief overview of these materials is given, followed by an in-depth discussion of our recent work highlighting the importance of carbon wall thickness when designing novel carbon supports for PEMFC applications. Four colloid imprinted carbons (CICs) were synthesized using a silica colloid imprinting method, with the resulting CICs having pores of 15 (CIC-15), 26 (CIC-26), 50 (CIC-50) and 80 (CIC-80) nm. These four CICs were loaded with 10 wt. % Pt and then evaluated as oxygen reduction (ORR) catalysts for use in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. To gain insight into the poorer performance of Pt/CIC-26 vs. the other three Pt/CICs, TEM tomography was performed, indicating that CIC-26 had much thinner walls (0-3 nm) than the other CICs and resulting in a higher OPEN ACCESSCatalysts 2015, 5 1047 resistance (leading to distributed potentials) through the catalyst layer during operation. This explanation for the poorer performance of Pt/CIC-26 was supported by theoretical calculations, suggesting that the internal wall thickness of these nanoporous CICs is critical to the future design of porous carbon supports.

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Section: Carbon Nanotubes (Cnts)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Mesoporous Carbon Supports for PEMFC Catalysts

et al. 2015

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“…In fact, CNTs have been intensively investigated as catalyst supports for those technologies, and less often as catalysts on their own, but recent advances in the development of reliable methods to tune their physicochemical properties by suitable thermal or chemical post-treatments provide a major asset for their use as catalysts in these applications [5,6]. Furthermore, the increasing role assumed by carbon nanomaterials in recent decades is intrinsically linked to the better understanding of the carbon surface chemistry, as a result of reliable methods of analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuning CNT Properties for Metal-Free Environmental Catalytic Applications

Rocha

Soares

Figueiredo

et al. 2016

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Abstract:The application of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as metal-free catalysts is a novel approach for heterogeneous liquid phase catalytic systems. Textural and chemical modifications by liquid/gas phase or mechanical treatments, as well as solid state reactions, were successfully applied to obtain carbon nanotubes with different surface functionalities. Oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur are the most common heteroatoms introduced on the carbon surface. This short-review highlights different routes used to develop metal-free carbon nanotube catalysts with enhanced properties for Advanced Oxidation Processes.

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“…In particular, nanofilamentous carbon (NC) aggregates, such as carbon nanofibres (CNF) and carbon nanotubes (CNT), are considered promising catalyst supports for liquid phase reactions due to their high chemical stability in non-oxidizing environments, their tuneable chemical nature and their outstanding textural properties [16,17]. The stability of CNF in supercritical water has recently been assessed [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-oil upgrading in supercritical water using Ni-Co catalysts supported on carbon nanofibres

Remón

Arauzo

García

et al. 2016

Fuel Processing Technology

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This work addresses the preparation, characterisation and screening of different Ni-Co catalysts supported on carbon nanofibres (CNFs) for use in the upgrading of bio-oil in supercritical water. The aim is to improve the physicochemical properties of bio-oil so that it can be used as a fuel. The CNFs were firstly oxidised in HNO 3 and afterwards subjected to a thermal treatment to selectively modify their surface chemistry prior to the incorporation of the metal active phase (Ni-Co). The CNFs and the supported catalysts were thoroughly characterised by several techniques, which allowed a relationship to be established between the catalyst properties and the upgrading results.The use of Ni-Co/CNFs for bio-oil upgrading in supercritical water (SCW) significantly improved the properties of the original feedstock. In addition, the thermal treatment to which the fibres were subjected exerted a significant influence on their catalyticproperties. An increase in the severity of the thermal treatment led to a substantial reduction in the oxygen content of the CNFs, mainly due to the removal of the less 2 stable oxygen surface groups, which allowed their surface polarity to decrease. This decrease resulted in less formation of solid products. However, it also reduced the H/C and increased the O/C ratios of the upgraded liquid. Therefore, a compromise between the yield and the properties of the upgraded bio-oil was achieved with a Ni-Co supported on a CNF with a moderate amount of oxygen surface groups.

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Carbon Nanotubes and Nanofibers in Catalysis

Cited by 125 publications

References 384 publications

Novel Mesoporous Carbon Supports for PEMFC Catalysts

Novel Mesoporous Carbon Supports for PEMFC Catalysts

Tuning CNT Properties for Metal-Free Environmental Catalytic Applications

Bio-oil upgrading in supercritical water using Ni-Co catalysts supported on carbon nanofibres

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