Carbon nanotubes as a suitable material for electrochemical sensor used in voltammetric determinations of titanium

Abstract

We report the use of carbon nanotubes as a material for the preparation of an electrochemical sensor that acts as a substrate for film metal electrodes used in stripping voltammetry. The sensor is based on a mixture of multiwall carbon nanotubes, glassy carbon spherical powder, and epoxy resin. The properly selected composition of the sensor made it possible to obtain a new substrate, competitive in relation to glassy carbon, for creating film metal electrodes. In this work, the proposed new sensor was used to determine the trace amounts of Ti(IV) on the lead film electrode. Measurements were carried out with in situ mode in an acetate buffer by adsorption stripping voltammetry with the use of cupferron as a complexing agent. Linear response to Ti(IV) ions in the concentration range of 7 × 10–10–7 × 10–8 mol L−1 and the limit of detection (LODs) 2.4 × 10–10 were obtained, respectively. These promising results revealed that a mixture of carbon nanotubes, epoxy resin, and spherical glassy carbon powder used for the determination of titanium ions on PbFE might represent an important addition to existing electrochemical sensor technologies. The proposed procedure was successfully used as a new and powerful analytical tool for determination of Ti(IV) in horsetail extracts.

Innovative Use of Carbon Nanotubes in Electrochemical Sensors for the Analysis of Europium in Samples from the Environment

“…Conditions of lead film formation.-A multiwalled carbon nanotube/spherical glassy carbon (MWCNTs/SGC) electrode was chosen as the substrate for a lead film coating, based on published experiments using such electrode modification to the determination of ions such as Ti(IV), Sn(II), and Ga(III). [53][54][55] The method of applying the film to the surface of the working electrode is critical to the satisfactory performance of the resulting filmed electrodes. There are two methods to electrochemically coat the surface of an electrode substrate film.…”

“…In the present study, aimed at obtaining a lower detection limit for the determination of Eu(III), we decided to use a multiwall carbon nanotubes/spherical glassy carbon electrode (MWCNTs/SGCE) as the working electrode. Procedures for the determination of Cd(II), Ti(IV), Sn(II) and Ga (III) using a MWCNTs/SGC electrode have appeared in the literature [52][53][54][55] in recent years. The detection limits obtained for the determination of these ions are competitive with those obtained using Mercury electrodes, which usually give lower detection limits.…”

Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes/Spherical Glassy Carbon as Environmentally Friendly Adsorption Materials Utilized in Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry for the Determination of Trace Amounts of Ga(III)

“…This electrode was developed using a mixture of multiwall carbon nanotubes, glassy carbon spherical powder, and epoxy resin. The MWCNT/SGC sensor has already been successfully used as a competitive substrate to the glassy carbon electrode to create bismuth and lead electrodes applied in determination of Cd(II) and Ti(IV), respectively [22,23]. The addition of multiwall carbon nanotubes to spherical glassy carbon makes the novel electrode material demonstrate better performance in comparison with traditional glassy carbon electrodes, improving the sensitivities, dynamic working scope, response time, lifetime, and stability of the nanocomposite sensor due to its high conductivity [22,23].…”

“…The MWCNT/SGC sensor has already been successfully used as a competitive substrate to the glassy carbon electrode to create bismuth and lead electrodes applied in determination of Cd(II) and Ti(IV), respectively [22,23]. The addition of multiwall carbon nanotubes to spherical glassy carbon makes the novel electrode material demonstrate better performance in comparison with traditional glassy carbon electrodes, improving the sensitivities, dynamic working scope, response time, lifetime, and stability of the nanocomposite sensor due to its high conductivity [22,23]. It has been proven that the incorporation of carbon nanotubes into the electrode material causes a reduction in overpotentials and resistance to surface impurities [24][25][26].…”

“…Over the years, multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been commonly used as an electrode material for the determination of both organic compounds, among others nucleic acids [24], hydrazine [25] and tryptophan [26], and metal ions, including Cd(II) [36], Cu(II) [37], Mo(VI) [38] Pb(II) [39], and Ti(IV) [23]. To the best of our knowledge, no study on the determination of Ga(III) by adsorption stripping voltammetric using a MWCNT has been published thus far.…”