Carbon nanotubes as optical biomedical sensors

Kruss, Sebastian; Hilmer, Andrew J.; Zhang, Jingqing; Reuel, Nigel F.; Mu, Bin; Strano, Michael S.

doi:10.1016/j.addr.2013.07.015

Cited by 371 publications

(372 citation statements)

References 182 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

360

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…2 Semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) conjugated with polymers are a new class of biosensors. 3 SWCNTs consist only of a carbon monolayer. Therefore, small perturbations in the nanotube environment, which we call the nanotube corona, can be used to detect single-molecule analytes.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurotransmitter Detection Using Corona Phase Molecular Recognition on Fluorescent Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Sensors

et al. 2014

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Temporal and spatial changes in neurotransmitter concentrations are central to information processing in neural networks. Therefore, biosensors for neurotransmitters are essential tools for neuroscience. In this work, we applied a new technique, corona phase molecular recognition (CoPhMoRe), to identify adsorbed polymer phases on fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) that allow for the selective detection of specific neurotransmitters, including dopamine. We functionalized and suspended SWCNTs with a library of different polymers (n = 30) containing phospholipids, nucleic acids, and amphiphilic polymers to study how neurotransmitters modulate the resulting band gap, near-infrared (nIR) fluorescence of the SWCNT. We identified several corona phases that enable the selective detection of neurotransmitters. Catecholamines such as dopamine increased the fluorescence of specific single-stranded DNA-and RNAwrapped SWCNTs by 58−80% upon addition of 100 μM dopamine depending on the SWCNT chirality (n,m). In solution, the limit of detection was 11 nM [K d = 433 nM for (GT) 15 DNA-wrapped SWCNTs]. Mechanistic studies revealed that this turn-on response is due to an increase in fluorescence quantum yield and not covalent modification of the SWCNT or scavenging of reactive oxygen species. When immobilized on a surface, the fluorescence intensity of a single DNA-or RNA-wrapped SWCNT is enhanced by a factor of up to 5.39 ± 1.44, whereby fluorescence signals are reversible. Our findings indicate that certain DNA/ RNA coronae act as conformational switches on SWCNTs, which reversibly modulate the SWCNT fluorescence. These findings suggest that our polymer−SWCNT constructs can act as fluorescent neurotransmitter sensors in the tissue-compatible nIR optical window, which may find applications in neuroscience.

show abstract

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurotransmitter Detection Using Corona Phase Molecular Recognition on Fluorescent Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Sensors

et al. 2014

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…670 nM), but authors believe the device has a room for improvement (i.e. by using high quality nanotube sensors) (47,68). In a recent study authors extended this initial study for glycoprofiling of different forms of IgGs (69).…”

Section: Quenching Of An Intrinsic Carbon Nanotube Fluorescencementioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives in Glycomics and Lectin Engineering

Tkac

Bertók

Nahálka

et al. 2014

Methods in Molecular Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…21 These chiralities can be schematically categorized as either metallic (bandgap 0 eV), semimetallic (bandgap ≈ 1-100 meV), or semiconducting (bandgap ≈0.5-1 eV). 22 Metallic and symimetallic SWCNTs possess achiral symmetries (armchair (n,n) and zigzag (n,0) nanotubes) that do not fluoresce. On the other hand, semiconducting SWCNTs are characterized by chiral structures with intrinsic nIR fluorescence emissions.…”

Section: Swcnt Molecular and Fluorescence Properties For Sensing Applmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review—Engineering the Selectivity of the DNA-SWCNT Sensor

Kupis-Rozmysłowicz¹,

Antonucci²,

Boghossian³

2016

ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) demonstrate a unique combination of optical, chemical, and physical properties that render them suitable for a variety of sensing applications. Their photostable near-infrared (nIR) fluorescence emissions are highly sensitive to perturbations in the surrounding SWCNT environment, enabling optical sensors with single-molecule detection limits. Despite these immanent advantages, SWCNTs lack the inherent molecular recognition capabilities required for selective sensing applications. One approach to tuning sensor selectivity is to engineer synthetic and biological wrappings that cover the nanotube's surface in a manner that limits chemical access to the surface to specific target analytes. Among the numerous possible wrappings, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) has emerged as the most studied polymeric wrapping. In addition to the sequence-dependent tunability DNA offers in engineering selectivity, DNA assumes a peculiar helical wrapping conformation along the SWCNT surface that has been the focus of many experimental and computational studies. In this review, we summarize some of the major findings in the field, focusing on the underlying molecular interactions responsible for the conformational and molecular recognition elements of the wrapping. Special focus is given to characterizing the nucleotide binding affinity, DNA sequence dependency, DNA length variation, SWCNT chirality, and sugar backbone (RNA vs. DNA) contributions to the wrapping conformation and SWCNT fluorescence. This article concludes with an assessment of the latest DNA-SWCNT-based sensing platforms used for the selective, single-and multi-modal detection of target analytes. Since their introduction in the early 60s, 1 biosensors have become an indispensable part of our daily lives, finding disparate applications in a variety of analytical fields ranging from biomedical diagnostics to environmental monitoring to food technology.2 Notably, optical biosensors based on fluorescent-light emission, which exploit diverse fluorescent probes as labeling agents for the recognition units, have emerged as highly sensitive, rapid, reproducible, and simple-to-operate analytical tools capable of quantitatively monitoring specific molecular interactions in real time.3,4 However, several drawbacks limit their application in more complex chemical and biological environments. For example, typical fluorescence-based sensors conventionally employ organic fluorophores that emit fluorescence with visible wavelengths that do not penetrate well through biological tissue.5 Furthermore, such fluorophores are often subject to rapid photobleaching, thus compromising their sensor lifetimes. These limitations are unfavorable for long-term in vivo sensing 6 for diagnostic applications. Recent research is thus focused on finding new technologies and materials to engineer novel sensing platforms with increased sensitivity and selectivity over extended periods of time.Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have become widely used in a new genera...

show abstract

Carbon nanotubes as optical biomedical sensors

Cited by 371 publications

References 182 publications

Neurotransmitter Detection Using Corona Phase Molecular Recognition on Fluorescent Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Sensors

Neurotransmitter Detection Using Corona Phase Molecular Recognition on Fluorescent Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Sensors

Perspectives in Glycomics and Lectin Engineering

Review—Engineering the Selectivity of the DNA-SWCNT Sensor

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About