Carbon nanotubes/nanofibers (CNTs/CNFs): a review on state of the art synthesis methods

Shoukat, Rizwan; Khan, Muhammad Imran

doi:10.1007/s00542-022-05263-2

Cited by 57 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…However, in some specific cases (e.g., Figure 2 g and Figure 3 c), it is possible to identify carbon structures grown around the particle, which could be related to catalysis effect. Indeed, as it is well known in chemical vapor deposition (CVD) techniques, the growth of carbon nanostructures (e.g., nanotubes) requires the presence of three ingredients: carbon precursor, high temperature, and catalysis [ 45 , 46 ]. Over the range of experimental conditions investigated, all the three ingredients are present, such that it can be proposed that the specific carbon nanostructures ( Figure 2 g and Figure 3 c) are related to a CVD-like growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Versatile Route for Synthesis of Metal Nanoalloys by Discharges at the Interface of Two Immiscible Liquids

Hamdan

Stafford

2022

Nanomaterials

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Discharge in liquid is a promising technique to produce nanomaterials by electrode erosion. Although its feasibility was demonstrated in many conditions, the production of nanoalloys by in-liquid discharges remains a challenge. Here, we show that spark discharge in liquid cyclohexane that is in contact with conductive solution, made of a combination of Ni-nitrate and/or Fe-nitrate and/or Co-nitrate, is suitable to produce nanoalloys (<10 nm) of Ni-Fe, Ni-Co, Co-Fe, and Ni-Co-Fe. The nanoparticles are synthesized by the reduction of metal ions during discharge, and they are individually embedded in C-matrix; this latter originates from the decomposition of cyclohexane. The results open novel ways to produce a wide spectrum of nanoalloys; they are needed for many applications, such as in catalysis, plasmonic, and energy conversion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Versatile Route for Synthesis of Metal Nanoalloys by Discharges at the Interface of Two Immiscible Liquids

Hamdan

Stafford

2022

Nanomaterials

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“…[ 64 ] Also, the ZnO‐CNF valued high‐level performance in salivary cortisol sensing functionalities. [ 65,73–74 ] Table 5 demonstrates the biomedical applications of CNF and CNFN.…”

Section: Applications Of Carbon Nanofibers and Carbon Nanofibers Base...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[64] Also, the ZnO-CNF valued high-level performance in salivary cortisol sensing functionalities. [65,[73][74]…”

Section: Biomedical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation on synthesis design and surface modification towards properties and applications of carbon nanofibers and carbon nanofibers based nanocomposites

et al. 2022

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With the recent advancement in nanoscience and nanotechnology, carbon nanomaterials have achieved great attention owing to their unique physico-chemical, mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. Amongst carbon nanomaterials, carbon nanofibers (CNF) depict a high surface-to-volume ratio, enhanced porosity, high mechanical strength, and low weight (light). Carbon nanofibers-based nanocomposites (CNFN) have been developed for diverse applications. This review illustrates the recent progress in (a) the CNF synthesis via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or electrospinning, (b) their functionalization with metals and metal oxides nanoparticles, polymers, alloys, and (c) their applications in environmental, industrial, and biomedical domains. Moreover, this study will be helpful for readers to understand CNF production, including the latest trends and fabrication techniques to obtain efficient, cost-effective, eco-friendly CNFN, having enhanced surface area with maximum selectivity, reproducibility, and multi-potential applications.

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“…It is also most efficient for electrochemical applications, as it is a very strong material with low weight, flexibility, and high conductivity. , Many techniques are there to synthesize CNTs, like arc discharge, laser ablation, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and so forth. Among them, the CVD system allows for controllable conditions and low-cost and easy production of large quantities of CNTs. − Furthermore, the length, diameter, alignment purity, density, and orientation of CNTs can be precisely controlled at low temperatures (800 °C) in a CVD system. The CVD method is a coating technique where chemical reactions are thermally induced on the substrate surface, which are then applied to the furnace in the gaseous form.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Different Catalysts on a Direct Growth Carbon Nanotube for Supercapacitor Electrodes

et al. 2023

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Supercapacitors are engaged in the search for efficient electrode materials to convene hybrid vehicles' utility requirements and renewable energy sources. State-of-art supercapacitors have relatively low energy density, although they have high power density and cyclic life. Carbon nanotubes are a onedimensional nanostructure with hollow graphite layers in cylindrical shape. The production of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is carried out via laser ablation and arc discharge method; nevertheless, the chemical vapor deposition method is one of the highly reliable methods of all. In this study, CNTs are synthesized by the decomposition of acetylene (C 2 H 2 ) on different metallic catalysts of nickel (Ni)-, cobalt (Co)-, and iron (Fe)-deposited Ni foam substrate. In particular, the reaction temperature, flow rate of carrier and precursor gas, and processing time effect are optimal in the formation of crystalline size and structure. These parameters improve the yield of carbon sequestration. The resultant Fe catalyst-deposited CNT possessed high specific capacitance of 2.5 F/cm 2 at 1 A/g and showed 99.25% capacitive retention for 10,000 cycles. A symmetric supercapacitor CNT-Fe//CNT-Fe was assembled, and the device had high energy densities of 37.30 W h/kg@1 A/g and high power densities of 599.91 W/kg@1 A/g in aqueous electrolyte. Furthermore, the resultant symmetric device exhibited 91.53% capacitance retention with a 99.25% coulombic efficiency over 10,000 cycles.

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Carbon nanotubes/nanofibers (CNTs/CNFs): a review on state of the art synthesis methods

Cited by 57 publications

References 45 publications

A Versatile Route for Synthesis of Metal Nanoalloys by Discharges at the Interface of Two Immiscible Liquids

A Versatile Route for Synthesis of Metal Nanoalloys by Discharges at the Interface of Two Immiscible Liquids

Correlation on synthesis design and surface modification towards properties and applications of carbon nanofibers and carbon nanofibers based nanocomposites

Role of Different Catalysts on a Direct Growth Carbon Nanotube for Supercapacitor Electrodes

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