Carbon–neutral hydrogen production by catalytic methane decomposition: a review

Abstract

The global hydrogen demand is projected to increase from 70 million tons in 2019 to more than 200 million tons in 2030. Methane decomposition is a promising reaction for H2 production, coupled with the synthesis of valuable carbon nanomaterials applicable in fuel cell technology, transportation fuels, and chemical synthesis. Here, we review catalytic methane decomposition, with focus on catalyst development, deactivation, reactivation, regeneration, and on economics. Catalysts include mono-, bi-, and trimetallic compounds and carbon-based compounds. Catalyst deactivation is induced by coke deposition. Despite remarkable strides in research, industrialization remains at an early stage.

Life cycle assessment of hydrogen production, storage, and utilization toward sustainability

“…Conventional hydrogen production facilities are integrating carbon capture and utilization systems to reduce CO 2 emissions. These methods, often derived from fossil fuels, primarily involve SMR for methane oxidation and natural gas reforming (Hantoko et al, 2024). During processing, desulfurization eliminates hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) from raw natural gas, with subsequent steps involving coal gasification and air separation techniques.…”

Review of Hydrogen Storage Technologies and the Crucial Role of Environmentally Friendly Carriers

“…148 The construction and maintenance of storage facilities also require advanced technology and strict regulation to prevent hydrogen leaks and potential environmental contamination. 146 The environmental impact of underground hydrogen storage mainly manifests in the following aspects: First, the carbon dioxide emissions that may be generated during hydrogen production need to be mitigated through carbon capture and storage technology. 149 Second, the risk of leaks during the storage process must be controlled using advanced monitoring technologies and management measures to prevent contamination of groundwater and the atmosphere.…”

“…Develop efficient recycling technologies to increase the recovery rate of metal hydrides, composite materials, and high surface area materials. 21,146 • Environmentally friendly manufacturing processes:…”

“…By promoting research and development as well as the application of hydrogen storage technology through policy incentives, it contributes to optimizing the energy structure and transitioning toward a low-carbon economy. 146 In the future, with the joint efforts of governments, businesses, and research institutions, hydrogen storage technology will further mature, making significant contributions to the sustainable development of the global energy system.…”

“…Furthermore, after the end of the service life of hydrogen storage tanks, their recovery and disposal pose significant challenges. Since composite materials are difficult to recycle and may produce hazardous waste during the recycling process, improper handling can result in secondary pollution to the environment . Therefore, improving material recovery rates and reuse efficiency is crucial for reducing environmental impacts.…”