Carbon Nitride Nanosheet-Based Photochromic Physical Unclonable Functions for Anticounterfeiting Applications

Xiao, Fang; Lu, Yongfeng; Chen, Xin; Cheng, Haiying; Qiu, Haijiang; Zheng, Yuanhui; Zhu, Jiefang

doi:10.1021/acsanm.2c03055

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Similar similarity scores have been observed in other developed PUFs. [ 30 ] These demonstrate minimal fluctuations in the security key during the hydrogel's lifetime (fabrication, shipping, storage, and application).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐Assembled Amino Acid Microstructures as Biocompatible Physically Unclonable Functions (BPUFs) for Authentication of Therapeutically Relevant Hydrogels

Akavaram,

Kumar,

Sriram

et al. 2023

Macromolecular Bioscience

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Counterfeited biomedical products result in significant economic losses and pose a public health hazard for over a million people yearly. Hydrogels, a class of biomedical products, are being investigated as alternatives to conventional biomedical products and are equally susceptible to counterfeiting. Here, a biocompatible, physically unclonable function (BPUF) to verify the authenticity of therapeutically relevant hydrogels are developed. The principle of BPUF relies on the self‐assembly of tyrosine into fibril‐like structures which are incorporated into therapeutically relevant hydrogels resulting in their random dispersion. This unclonable arrangement leads to distinctive optical micrographs captured using an optical microscope. These optical micrographs are transformed into a unique security code through cryptographic techniques which are then used to authenticate the hydrogel. The temporal stability of the BPUFs are demonstrated and additionally, exploit the dissolution propensity of the structures upon exposure to an adulterant to identify the tampering of the hydrogel. Finally, a platform to demonstrate the translational potential of this technology in validating and detecting tampering of therapeutically relevant hydrogels is developed. The potential of BPUFs to combat hydrogel counterfeiting is exemplified by its simplicity in production, ease of use, biocompatibility, and cost‐effectiveness.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐Assembled Amino Acid Microstructures as Biocompatible Physically Unclonable Functions (BPUFs) for Authentication of Therapeutically Relevant Hydrogels

Akavaram,

Kumar,

Sriram

et al. 2023

Macromolecular Bioscience

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“…Pioneering examples include portable Raman spectrometers, [155,191] handheld magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS) detectors, [156,192] or smartphone-based deciphering of graphical and spectral optical signatures. [32,35,[38][39][40][41]139,193] Many of these devices can be operated by untrained personnel and provide the option to be connected to digital databases for automated signal correlation. Establishing such advanced readout instruments for sensitive and accurate point-of-care detection of the signal of incorporated CSPs with many different signal encoding methods will however require enormous research efforts of physicists and (electrical) engineers in the upcoming years, which we want to fuel herein.…”

Section: Status Quo Current Challenges and Potential Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Communicating Supraparticles to Enable Perceptual, Information‐Providing Matter

Reichstein,

Müssig,

Wintzheimer

et al. 2023

Advanced Materials

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Materials are the fundament of the physical world, whereas information and its exchange are the centerpieces of the digital world. Their fruitful synergy offers countless opportunities for realizing desired digital transformation processes in the physical world of materials. Yet, to date, a perfect connection between these worlds is missing. From the perspective, this can be achieved by overcoming the paradigm of considering materials as passive objects and turning them into perceptual, information‐providing matter. This matter is capable of communicating associated digitally stored information, for example, its origin, fate, and material type as well as its intactness on demand. Herein, the concept of realizing perceptual, information‐providing matter by integrating customizable (sub‐)micrometer‐sized communicating supraparticles (CSPs) is presented. They are assembled from individual nanoparticulate and/or (macro)molecular building blocks with spectrally differentiable signals that are either robust or stimuli‐susceptible. Their combination yields functional signal characteristics that provide an identification signature and one or multiple stimuli‐recorder features. This enables CSPs to communicate associated digital information on the tagged material and its encountered stimuli histories upon signal readout anywhere across its life cycle. Ultimately, CSPs link the materials and digital worlds with numerous use cases thereof, in particular fostering the transition into an age of sustainability.

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“…Physically unclonable functions (PUFs) have recently attracted increasing attention for authentication and anticounterfeiting applications because of their unpredictable and unreproducible nature. The underlying concept of PUFs is the use of physical systems with random responses as cryptographic primitives. , Various research efforts − have been made to create PUF-based security tags that are completely immune to forgery and cloning. High encoding capacities have been attained by maximizing the spatial randomness of tag components and using multiplex encoding strategies. − Cost-effective and widely applicable fabrication processes should be further developed to realize the extensive use of such PUF-based security tags in various commercial applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene-Based Physically Unclonable Functions with Dual Source of Randomness

Lee

Pekdemir

Kayacı

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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There is growing interest in systems with randomized responses for generating physically unclonable functions (PUFs) in anticounterfeiting and authentication applications. Atomic-level control over its thickness and unique Raman spectrum make graphene an attractive material for PUF applications. Herein, we report graphene PUFs that emerge from two independent stochastic processes. Randomized variations in the shape and number of graphene adlayers were achieved by exploiting and improving the mechanistic understanding of the chemical vapor deposition of graphene. The randomized positioning of the graphene domains was then facilitated by dewetting the polymer film, followed by oxygen plasma etching. This approach yielded surfaces with randomly positioned and shaped graphene islands with varied numbers of layers and, therefore, Raman spectra. Raman mapping of surfaces resulted in multicolor images with a high encoding capacity. Advanced feature-matching algorithms were employed for the authentication of multicolor images. The use of two independent stochastic processes on a two-dimensional nanomaterial platform enables the creation of unique and complex surfaces that excessively challenge clonability.

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Carbon Nitride Nanosheet-Based Photochromic Physical Unclonable Functions for Anticounterfeiting Applications

Cited by 22 publications

References 61 publications

Self‐Assembled Amino Acid Microstructures as Biocompatible Physically Unclonable Functions (BPUFs) for Authentication of Therapeutically Relevant Hydrogels

Self‐Assembled Amino Acid Microstructures as Biocompatible Physically Unclonable Functions (BPUFs) for Authentication of Therapeutically Relevant Hydrogels

Communicating Supraparticles to Enable Perceptual, Information‐Providing Matter

Graphene-Based Physically Unclonable Functions with Dual Source of Randomness

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