Carbon Nitrogen Co-Doped P25: Parameter Study on Photodegradation of Reactive Red 4

Abstract

Abstract. Photocatalytic degradation rate of reactive red 4 (RR4) using carbon coated nitrogen doped TiO2 (C N co-doped TiO2) in photocatalysis process is main goal on this research. The main operating the parameters such as effect of initial dye concentration, catalyst loading, aeration flow rate and initial pH on degradation of RR4 under 45 W fluorescent lamp was investigated. photocatalytic activity of RR4 dye decreased with increasing RR4 dye concentration. The optimum loading is around 0.04 g and optimum aeration rate is about 25 mL min -1 of C N co-doped TiO2. Effect of pH was conducted based on the optimum loading and conclude that the photocatalytic degradation of RR4 became faster at pH 2 -7. For the future work, the modification of doping with others element like non-metal or metal with C N co-doped TiO2 can be enhanced toward the higher efficieny of photodegradation under visible light. Moreover, the immobilized technique can be used in future to overcome the difficulty of filtration on suspension.

C,N-Codoped TiO2 Nanoparticles Immobilized on Floating Alginate Beads for Diazinon Removal under Solar Light Irradiation

“…This was proven by Trevisan and co-workers who also observed that the carbonate species with binding energies of ∼289 eV could incorporate some of the lattice Ti atoms and form a Ti–O–C structure . Azami and co-workers also discovered that the doped C could form a layer on the surface of TiO 2 NPs with a mixture of C and carbonate species . This is known as the interstitial site of the TiO 2 lattice by C atoms, which is in good agreement with the XRD finding, where it can increase the absorption of visible light by TiO 2 during photocatalytic reactions.…”

Development of a novel photocatalyst for the photocatalytic treatment of industrial wastewater

“…The sol-gel method is the most flexible method of doping TiO2 at room temperature. The characteristics of the final product could be easily controlled depending on the reaction conditions such as solvents, pH, and temperature, as well as calcination conditions (Lin et al, 2011;Iwase et al, 2013;Lin et al, 2013;Han et al, 2014;Azami et al, 2016;Bakar and Ribeiro, 2016a;Giannakas et al, 2016). The sol-gel preparation process is rather a more time-consuming method than an energy-consuming method (Figure 6.5).…”

“…In the microwave reactor, the solution can be heated above its boiling point by electromagnetic radiation in a closed system, and the reactor can withstand the high pressure created from the doping process (Figure 6.7). Hence, the reaction time would be greatly shortened (Azami et al, 2016).…”

Degradation and mineralization of violet-3B dye using C-N-codoped TiO₂ photocatalyst

“…The increasing amount of catalyst produces the number of sites available for photons absorption thus more hydroxyl radical (•OH) is formed to degrade the organic molecule of violet-3B dye [27][28]. However, the addition of C-N-codoped TiO 2 dosage higher than 0.3 g L -1 caused the decrease in removal percentage of violet-3B dye to 71%.…”

“…By increasing the initial concentration of dye lead to a decrease in violet-3B degradation rate. This effect can be explained by the increase in the dye concentration, caused the decrease in the light penetration that reaches the organic molecule of violet-3B dye due to the declining transparency of the solution into a more concentrated solution [27][28]. Thus, the time for complete degradation of violet-3B dye would be longer for higher initial violet-3B concentrations [29,32].…”