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Biofuels are essential to ensure the energy transition and mitigating of climate change. However, understanding the impact of land use change (LUC) and management practices on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks is fundamental to ensuring well‐founded policymaking and assessing the sector's carbon footprint. Here, we conducted a meta‐analysis (511 pairwise observations) to obtain Brazil's SOC stock change factors (SOCscf) for LUC and management practices in sugarcane fields. Our results showed that converting native vegetation to sugarcane reduced the SOC stock in all assessed periods. The conversion from annual crops to sugarcane showed a reduction in SOC stock in the first 10 years but with a recovery over time. The conversion of pasture to sugarcane reduced the SOC stock only in the 10–20‐year period and had a neutral effect in other periods evaluated. However, our dataset showed high variability in SOCscf, with many observations indicating an increase in SOC stock, which is related to degraded pastures. We observed that the SOC accumulation rate for each ton of sugarcane straw was affected by the interaction between soil texture and precipitation. Regarding straw management, a low removal rate (< 34%) did not affect the SOC stock, while moderate (34%–66%) and high (> 66%) removal resulted in losses of 5.0% (SOCscf 0.950) and 9.9% (SOCscf 0.901), respectively. Our results also showed that reduced tillage and vinasse application increased SOC stocks by 24.0% (SOCscf 1.24) and 10.0% (SOCscf 1.10) respectively, proving to be good strategies to support C sequestration in sugarcane fields. Finally, we highlight that our results can contribute to the improvement of public policies and also be used in future life cycle assessment (LCA) and modeling studies, as they provide robust data to establishing regional SOCscf induced by LUC and management practices, enhancing the reliability of the C footprint assessment of biofuel production.
Biofuels are essential to ensure the energy transition and mitigating of climate change. However, understanding the impact of land use change (LUC) and management practices on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks is fundamental to ensuring well‐founded policymaking and assessing the sector's carbon footprint. Here, we conducted a meta‐analysis (511 pairwise observations) to obtain Brazil's SOC stock change factors (SOCscf) for LUC and management practices in sugarcane fields. Our results showed that converting native vegetation to sugarcane reduced the SOC stock in all assessed periods. The conversion from annual crops to sugarcane showed a reduction in SOC stock in the first 10 years but with a recovery over time. The conversion of pasture to sugarcane reduced the SOC stock only in the 10–20‐year period and had a neutral effect in other periods evaluated. However, our dataset showed high variability in SOCscf, with many observations indicating an increase in SOC stock, which is related to degraded pastures. We observed that the SOC accumulation rate for each ton of sugarcane straw was affected by the interaction between soil texture and precipitation. Regarding straw management, a low removal rate (< 34%) did not affect the SOC stock, while moderate (34%–66%) and high (> 66%) removal resulted in losses of 5.0% (SOCscf 0.950) and 9.9% (SOCscf 0.901), respectively. Our results also showed that reduced tillage and vinasse application increased SOC stocks by 24.0% (SOCscf 1.24) and 10.0% (SOCscf 1.10) respectively, proving to be good strategies to support C sequestration in sugarcane fields. Finally, we highlight that our results can contribute to the improvement of public policies and also be used in future life cycle assessment (LCA) and modeling studies, as they provide robust data to establishing regional SOCscf induced by LUC and management practices, enhancing the reliability of the C footprint assessment of biofuel production.
Remote sensing has proven to be a vital tool for monitoring and forecasting the quality and yield of crops. The utilization of innovative technologies such as Solar-Induced Fluorescence (SIF) and satellite measurements of column-averaged CO2 (xCO2) can enhance these estimations. SIF is a signal emitted by crops during photosynthesis, thus indicating photosynthetic activities. The concentration of atmospheric CO2 is a critical factor in determining the efficiency of photosynthesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between satellite-derived Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence (SIF), column-averaged CO2 (xCO2), and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and their association with sugarcane yield and sugar content in the field. This study was carried out in south-central Brazil. We used four localities to represent the region: Pradópolis, Araraquara, Iracemápolis, and Quirinópolis. Data were collected from orbital systems during the period spanning from 2015 to 2016. Concurrently, monthly data regarding tons of sugarcane per hectare (TCH) and total recoverable sugars (TRS) were gathered from 24 harvest locations within the studied plots. It was observed that TRS decreased when SIF values ranged between 0.4 W m−2 sr−1 μm−1 and 0.8 W m−2 sr−1 μm−1, particularly in conjunction with NDVI values below 0.5. TRS values peaked at 15 kg t−1 with low NDVI and xCO2 values, alongside SIF values lower than 0.4 W m−2 sr−1 μm−1 and greater than 1 W m−2 sr−1 μm−1. These findings underscore the potential of integrating SIF, xCO2, and NDVI measurements in the monitoring and forecasting of yield and sugar content in sugarcane crops.
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