Carbon source utilization by the marine Dendryphiella species D. arenaria and D. salina

Abstract

Carbon utilization by the marine Dendryphiella species, D. arenaria and D. salina, was investigated to detect differences in utilization and traits associated with their adaptation to the marine habitat. Fifty-four strains were isolated world-wide and tested for the utilization of various carbon sources using BIOLOG phenotype MicroArray (PM) and for the production of extracellular enzymes on solid culture media and on API ZYM assay strips. PM analysis showed that the fastest growth occurred on several monosaccharides and amino acids, 2-keto-d-gluconic acid, succinamide and turanose. Some polyols were poor carbon sources. However, the two species differed in their utilization rates of carbon sources, forming three major clusters: two separate clusters for D. arenaria and D. salina and a third cluster in which strains of the two species formed separate subclades that correlated with geographic origin. Several carbon sources were also found useful in differentiating the two speices. Dendryphiella salina did not utilize xylitol and quinic acid, whereas D. arenaria grew well on these substrates. The latter failed to grow on sorbitol and grew slowly on mannitol, both were good substrates for the former. There were also no qualitative differences between the extracellular enzymes produced, although laccase and peroxidase activities were confined only to some strains. The physiological similarities exhibited by the two species support the close relationship between D. arenaria and D. salina.

Genetically Closely Related but Phenotypically Divergent Trichoderma Species Cause Green Mold Disease in Oyster Mushroom Farms Worldwide

“…Metabolic profiles based on assimilation of carbon sources were performed using Biolog FF MicroPlates (6,9,19,21). Microplates were incubated at 26°C in the dark, and absorbance readings at 490 nm and at 750 nm were analyzed separately.…”

Metabolic Capacity of Sinorhizobium ( Ensifer ) meliloti Strains as Determined by Phenotype MicroArray Analysis

“…From this perspective, comparative transcriptomic analysis has been a powerful tool for exploring the metabolic variability in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms (47). Recently, direct high-throughput assessment of phenotypes (phenome) using the Phenotype MicroArray (PM) system (Biolog) (9) has stirred much attention for molecular biology, genomic, and population studies of microorganisms (14,20,29,33,34,37,45,46).…”

Classifying compound mechanism of action for linking whole cell phenotypes to molecular targets

“…The PM system uses two parts: ten 96-well plates to evaluate metabolic usage and another ten 96-well plates to assess chemical sensitivities to known antibacterials, microbicides, toxic ions, and detergents. The 10-plate metabolomic component of this screening technology, not used in the current report, has been readily applied to the studies of different bacterial strains, unique properties of halophiles, mutants in pathways of interest, and to hunt for gain of function related to pathogenesis for use as drug targets (Tracy et al, 2002;dela Cruz et al, 2006;Loh et al, 2006;Seidl et al, 2006;Nagy et al, 2007;Tohsato and Mori, 2008;Zhang and Rainey, 2008;Edwards et al, 2009;Sabet et al, 2009;Fabich et al, 2011). Applications using the chemical sensitivity plates seem to be continually developing.…”