Carbon Storage and Fluxes Within Wetland Systems

Scholz, Miklas

doi:10.1007/978-1-84996-459-3_3

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 138 publications

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“… 64 So far, research investigating the “latch mechanism” in wetlands has been focused on carbon fluxes on a macroscopic scale. 65 , 66 Consequently, little information is available on the specific organisms involved in the “latch mechanism”, 16 the corresponding TYR enzymes (or other enzyme classes), their phylogenetic diversity, their biochemical properties, and their enzymatic characteristics. Here, we propose the key role of TYRs in carbon cycling in wetland ecosystems in the wake of climate change.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Globally, wetlands are estimated to store ∼38% (550 × 10 15 g) of the global soil organic carbon stock (1460 × 10 15 g), which is equivalent to 73% of the amount of carbon dissolved in the atmosphere (750 × 10 15 g), predominantly as CO 2 . So far, research investigating the “latch mechanism” in wetlands has been focused on carbon fluxes on a macroscopic scale. , Consequently, little information is available on the specific organisms involved in the “latch mechanism”, the corresponding TYR enzymes (or other enzyme classes), their phylogenetic diversity, their biochemical properties, and their enzymatic characteristics. Here, we propose the key role of TYRs in carbon cycling in wetland ecosystems in the wake of climate change.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Novel Role of Tyrosinase Enzymes in the Storage of Globally Significant Amounts of Carbon in Wetland Ecosystems

Panis

Rompel

2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Over the last millennia, wetlands have been sequestering carbon from the atmosphere via photosynthesis at a higher rate than releasing it and, therefore, have globally accumulated 550 × 10 15 g of carbon, which is equivalent to 73% of the atmospheric carbon pool. The accumulation of organic carbon in wetlands is effectuated by phenolic compounds, which suppress the degradation of soil organic matter by inhibiting the activity of organic-matter-degrading enzymes. The enzymatic removal of phenolic compounds by bacterial tyrosinases has historically been blocked by anoxic conditions in wetland soils, resulting from waterlogging. Bacterial tyrosinases are a subgroup of oxidoreductases that oxidatively remove phenolic compounds, coupled to the reduction of molecular oxygen to water. The biochemical properties of bacterial tyrosinases have been investigated thoroughly in vitro within recent decades, while investigations focused on carbon fluxes in wetlands on a macroscopic level have remained a thriving yet separated research area so far. In the wake of climate change, however, anoxic conditions in wetland soils are threatened by reduced rainfall and prolonged summer drought. This potentially allows tyrosinase enzymes to reduce the concentration of phenolic compounds, which in turn will increase the release of stored carbon back into the atmosphere. To offer compelling evidence for the novel concept that bacterial tyrosinases are among the key enzymes influencing carbon cycling in wetland ecosystems first, bacterial organisms indigenous to wetland ecosystems that harbor a TYR gene within their respective genome ( tyr + ) have been identified, which revealed a phylogenetically diverse community of tyr + bacteria indigenous to wetlands based on genomic sequencing data. Bacterial TYR host organisms covering seven phyla (Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Nitrospirae, Planctomycetes, and Proteobacteria) have been identified within various wetland ecosystems (peatlands, marshes, mangrove forests, bogs, and alkaline soda lakes) which cover a climatic continuum ranging from high arctic to tropic ecosystems. Second, it is demonstrated that (in vitro) bacterial TYR activity is commonly observed at pH values characteristic for wetland ecosystems (ranging from pH 3.5 in peatlands and freshwater swamps to pH 9.0 in soda lakes and freshwater marshes) and toward phenolic compounds naturally present within wetland environments ( p -coumaric acid, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, p -hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, catechin, and epicatechin). Third, analyzing the available data confirmed that bacterial host organisms tend to exhibit in vitro growth optima at pH values similar to their respective wetland habitats. Based on these findings, it is concluded that, following increased aeration of previously anoxic wetland soils due to climate change, TYRs are among th...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Novel Role of Tyrosinase Enzymes in the Storage of Globally Significant Amounts of Carbon in Wetland Ecosystems

Panis

Rompel

2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Here, we examine the manner in which the well‐known relationship between flooding and wetland C accretion is affected by N loading and large‐plant invasions in Great Lakes coastal wetlands. We expect strong interactions between hydroperiod and N loading because the lowering of decomposition rates associated with anaerobic conditions can slow the cycling of N held in undecomposed organic matter (Scholz ). We suggest this slowing of N cycling could decrease plant productivity and subsequent C accretion under oligotrophic conditions, but may have minimal effects under high N loading where ample influx of N is available for plant growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen loading leads to increased carbon accretion in both invaded and uninvaded coastal wetlands

et al. 2016

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. 2016. Nitrogen loading leads to increased carbon accretion in both invaded and uninvaded coastal wetlands. Ecosphere 7(9):e01459. 10. 1002/ecs2.1459 Abstract. Gaining a better understanding of carbon (C) dynamics across the terrestrial and aquatic landscapes has become a major research initiative in ecosystem ecology. Wetlands store a large portion of the global soil C, but are also highly dynamic ecosystems in terms of hydrology and N cycling, and are one of the most invaded habitats worldwide. The interactions between these factors are likely to determine wetland C cycling, and specifically C accretion rates. We investigated these interactions using MONDRIAN, an individual-based model simulating plant growth and competition and linking these processes to N and C cycling. We simulated the effects of different levels of (1) N loading, (2) hydroperiod, and (3) plant community (natives only vs. invasion scenarios) and their interactions on C accretion outcomes in freshwater coastal wetlands of the Great Lakes region of North America. Results showed that N loading contributed to substantial rates of C accretion by increasing NPP (net primary productivity). By mediating anaerobic conditions and slowing decomposition, hydroperiod also exerted considerable control on C accretion. Invasion success occurred with higher N loading and contributed to higher NPP, while also interacting with hydroperiod via ecosystem-internal N cycling. Invasion success by both Typha × glauca and Phragmites australis showed a strong nonlinear relationship with N loading in which an invasion threshold occurred at moderate N inputs. This threshold was in turn influenced by duration of flooding, which reduced invasion success for P. australis but not for T. × glauca. The greatest simulated C accretion rates occurred in wetlands invaded by P. australis at the highest N loading in constant anaerobic conditions. These model results suggest that while plant invasion may increase C storage in freshwater coastal wetlands, increased plant productivity (both native and invasive) due to increased N loading is the main driver of increased C accretion.

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“…Existe grande quantidade de matéria orgânica nos wetlands naturais, promovendo a atividade microbiana, armazenando carbono e nitrogênio no solo. A oxidação bacteriana do carbono orgânico dissolvido resulta na mineralização, processo pelo qual as substâncias orgânicas são convertidas em substâncias inorgânicas e armazenadas (ROSLI, 2017;SCHOLZ, 2011). Dessa forma, são cinco reservatórios principais de carbono que os wetlands possuem: carbono de biomassa vegetal, carbono orgânico particulado, carbono orgânico dissolvido, carbono de biomassa microbiana e produtos finais gasosos, como dióxido de carbono e metano (SCHOLZ, 2011).…”

Section: Fluxo Do Carbono Nos Wetlands Construídosunclassified

Constructed wetlands as carbon sinks – a review

Valença¹,

Filho²,

Silva³

et al. 2023

ENSUS2023 - XI Encontro De Sustentabilidade Em Projeto

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In the face of global warming, research on carbon removal to mitigate the effects of climate change has been carried out. The use of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment is known, however the quantity of studies about carbon sequestration of this system is still limited. Thus, the systematic and literature review aimed to expose the characteristics of constructed wetlands in relation to greenhouse gas emissions. The bases used were Scopus, Springer and Google Schoolar and the selected terms were related to constructed wetlands and GHG. It was concluded that the horizontal subsurface flow CWs has the potential to become a carbon sink, due to the carbon retained in the plants, and may emit less N2O than the vertical subsurface flow CW; about the emission of CH4, it is important to know the species of plant adopted due to its influence on methane emissions.

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Carbon Storage and Fluxes Within Wetland Systems

Cited by 6 publications

References 138 publications

The Novel Role of Tyrosinase Enzymes in the Storage of Globally Significant Amounts of Carbon in Wetland Ecosystems

The Novel Role of Tyrosinase Enzymes in the Storage of Globally Significant Amounts of Carbon in Wetland Ecosystems

Nitrogen loading leads to increased carbon accretion in both invaded and uninvaded coastal wetlands

Constructed wetlands as carbon sinks – a review

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