Carbon-supported AuPd bimetallic nanoparticles synthesized by high-energy electron beam irradiation for direct formic acid fuel cell

Ohkubo, Yuji; Shibata, Masashi; Kageyama, Satoru; Seino, Satoshi; Nakagawa, Takashi; Kugai, Junichiro; Nitani, Hiroaki; Yamamoto, Takao A.

doi:10.1007/s10853-012-6989-7

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In fact, it finds that the pH in a precursor solution affects the dispersibility of the Pt particles supported on the carbon particles. Similar behaviour based on pH is seen in the previous report in AuPd system [12] and in PtRu system [17] although the reason remains under review. In addition, the effect of the use of NaPH 2 O 2 as the P precursor on the size of the Pt nanoparticles is also evident in Figure 2.…”

Section: Icp-aessupporting

confidence: 87%

Influence of pH on performance of sodium phosphinate for decreasing the particle size

Ohkubo

Seino

Nakagawa

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Nanoscience

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To clarify the influence of pH on performance of sodium phosphinate (NaPH 2 O 2 ) for decreasing particle size of Pt nanoparticles, carbonsupported Pt nanoparticles that contained phosphorus (PÀPt/C) were synthesised by an electron-beam irradiation reduction method (EBIRM) under four different pH conditions (pH D 3, 6, 9, and 12) and under five different NaPH 2 O 2 concentrations (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, and 5.0 mM). The relationship among pH, NaPH 2 O 2 concentration, average particle size of Pt nanoparticle, and Pt loading weight was investigated in this study. The average particle size of Pt nanoparticles was in the range of 0.8À3.4 nm and lower in the order; pH12 > pH3 > pH6 > pH9; for example, under the same NaPH 2 O 2 concentrations of 3.0 mM, the particle size of PÀPt/C prepared at pH D 12 and pH D 9 was 1.5 and 0.8 nm, respectively. In addition, Pt loading weight was also lower in the order; pH12 > pH3 > pH6 > pH9. In summary, these results indicated that the pH in the precursor solution affected the performance of NaPH 2 O 2 . These findings would be useful for controlling the particle size of monometallic Pt and Pt-based bimetallic nanoparticles supported on carbon particles for fuel cell applications.

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Section: Icp-aessupporting

confidence: 87%

Influence of pH on performance of sodium phosphinate for decreasing the particle size

Ohkubo

Seino

Nakagawa

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Nanoscience

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“…Previously, we reported the synthesis of monometallic nanoparticles on support materials, such as Au/Fe 3 O 4 [12] and Pt/TiO 2 , [13] using an EBIRM. In addition, by simply increasing the number of metal ion species, we successfully obtained bimetallic and trimetallic nanoparticles on support materials, such as PtAu/Fe 2 O 3 , [14] PtCu/Fe 2 O 3 , [14] PtNi/Fe 2 O 3 , [14] PtRu/C,[15À17] PtCu/C, [18] PtCo/C, [19] AuPd/C, [20] and PtRuAu/C. [21] In one of these studies, PtRu/C catalysts were prepared for use as DMFC anodes, wherein the PtRu loading weight (PtRu-LW) was less than 10 wt%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass production of highly loaded and highly dispersed PtRu/C catalysts for methanol oxidation using an electron-beam irradiation reduction method

Ohkubo

Kageyama

Seino

et al. 2015

Journal of Experimental Nanoscience

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An electron-beam irradiation reduction method (EBIRM) is a technique to reduce metal ions in an aqueous solution via irradiation with a high-energy electron beam. In this study, an EBIRM is improved to develop a technique for the mass production of highly loaded and highly dispersed PtRu/C catalysts for use as direct methanol fuel cell anodes. An increase in the Pt and Ru input concentrations increased the loading weight from 9 to 37 wt%; however, the dispersibility of the PtRu nanoparticles on the carbon particles decreased. To improve the low dispersibility, sodium phosphinate was added to the precursor solution and the input amount of carbon particles was decreased. These changes resulted in not only highly loaded but also highly dispersed PtRu/C catalysts. The catalytic activity of the highly loaded and highly dispersed PtRu/C catalysts for methanol oxidation was at least 1.6 times higher than that of the lowly loaded and lowly dispersed PtRu/C catalysts in all voltage range. More than 6000 mg of highly loaded and highly dispersed PtRu/C catalysts were relatively easily obtained, and the average particle size of the PtRu nanoparticles was 1.8 nm. These results demonstrated that the improved EBIRM is effective for the mass production of carbon-supported, highly loaded, and highly dispersed metal nanoparticles.

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“…To develop the catalyst and control the catalytic properties of solid solution-type NAs, precise control of the metal composition and mixing states of the NA are important 39 40 41 42 . We focused on the synthesis of atomically well mixed Fe group NA catalysts based on chemical reduction.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CO2-Free Power Generation on an Iron Group Nanoalloy Catalyst via Selective Oxidation of Ethylene Glycol to Oxalic Acid in Alkaline Media

Matsumoto

Sadakiyo

Ooi

et al. 2014

Sci Rep

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An Fe group ternary nanoalloy (NA) catalyst enabled selective electrocatalysis towards CO 2 -free power generation from highly deliverable ethylene glycol (EG). A solid-solution-type FeCoNi NA catalyst supported on carbon was prepared by a two-step reduction method. High-resolution electron microscopy techniques identified atomic-level mixing of constituent elements in the nanoalloy. We examined the distribution of oxidised species, including CO 2 , produced on the FeCoNi nanoalloy catalyst in the EG electrooxidation under alkaline conditions. The FeCoNi nanoalloy catalyst exhibited the highest selectivities toward the formation of C 2 products and to oxalic acid, i.e., 99 and 60%, respectively, at 0.4 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), without CO 2 generation. We successfully generated power by a direct EG alkaline fuel cell employing the FeCoNi nanoalloy catalyst and a solid-oxide electrolyte with oxygen reduction ability, i.e., a completely precious-metal-free system. T he consumption of finite fossil fuel energy resources has inadvertently increased the CO 2 concentration in the atmosphere, and increased concerns regarding climate issues due to CO 2 emissions have spurred the development of alternative and sustainable energy cycle systems 1,2 . This research has recently expanded to energy conversion applications via the development of fuel cells (FCs) that utilise fuels such as hydrogen or alcohol with high conversion efficiency 3 . Hydrogen, which yields water as the product of its oxidation, is regarded as an environmentally feasible fuel. However, industrial hydrogen is mainly produced by fossil fuel reforming 4 , resulting in the release of large quantities of CO 2 . The use of alcohols as alternative fuels is also anticipated due to their ability to be directly used for power generation without reforming and their high energy density. For example, the volumetric energy densities of ethanol, methanol and ethylene glycol (EG) (6.34, 4.82 5 and 5.9 kW h?L 21 6 , respectively) are higher than that of gaseous hydrogen (0.53 kWh?L 21 at 20 MPa) 5 . Among alcohols, EG is of particular interest because it has a high boiling point (197.3uC), low vapour pressure (8 Pa at 20uC) and lower toxicity 6 , essential characteristics for facilitating fuel distribution 7. EG can be produced from biomass-derived resources, e.g., cellulose, and is thus considered a promising environmentally friendly alternative fuel 8,9 . Therefore, an effective EG electrooxidation catalyst is of great interest and has been the subject of intensive study in recent decades [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] . Pt-based materials are the major group of anodic electrode catalysts in direct-EG FCs. However, the precious metal dependence of these materials is a major impediment to the commercialisation of such energy-generating devices from a cost perspective 29 . EG is oxidised to several products via multiple electron oxidations (Fig. 1), with ultimate production of CO 2 , a 10-electron oxid...

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Carbon-supported AuPd bimetallic nanoparticles synthesized by high-energy electron beam irradiation for direct formic acid fuel cell

Cited by 21 publications

References 24 publications

Influence of pH on performance of sodium phosphinate for decreasing the particle size

Influence of pH on performance of sodium phosphinate for decreasing the particle size

Mass production of highly loaded and highly dispersed PtRu/C catalysts for methanol oxidation using an electron-beam irradiation reduction method

CO2-Free Power Generation on an Iron Group Nanoalloy Catalyst via Selective Oxidation of Ethylene Glycol to Oxalic Acid in Alkaline Media

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