“…Two RuO x species were found in fresh Ru/UiO-66, located at 281.2 eV and 282.9 eV (Ru 3d 5/2 ). The feature at 281.2 eV can be ascribed to RuO 2 , whereas the nature of the feature at 282.9 eV has been ascribed to unscreened RuO 2 [51,52], hydrated RuO 2 (RuO 2 ·xH 2 O) [53,54] or RuO 3 [55,56]. Since Ru 6+ is not stable, we ascribe the feature at 282.9 eV to Ru 4+ , present either as unscreened or hydrated RuO 2 .…”