Carbon Tube-Based Cathode for Li-CO2 Batteries: A Review

Abstract

Metal–air batteries are considered the research, development, and application direction of electrochemical devices in the future because of their high theoretical energy density. Among them, lithium–carbon dioxide (Li–CO2) batteries can capture, fix, and transform the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide while storing energy efficiently, which is an effective technique to achieve “carbon neutrality”. However, the current research on this battery system is still in the initial stage, the selection of key materials such as electrodes and electrolytes still need to be optimized, and the actual reaction path needs to be studied. Carbon tube-based composites have been widely used in this energy storage system due to their excellent electrical conductivity and ability to construct unique spatial structures containing various catalyst loads. In this review, the basic principle of Li–CO2 batteries and the research progress of carbon tube-based composite cathode materials were introduced, the preparation and evaluation strategies together with the existing problems were described, and the future development direction of carbon tube-based materials in Li–CO2 batteries was proposed.

Nanofibrous Cathode Catalysts with MoC Nanoparticles Embedded in N-Rich Carbon Shells for Low-Overpotential Li–CO2 Batteries

“…However, the high charge voltage would induce the decomposition of the electrolyte and degradation of cathode catalysts. In addition, the accumulation of residual Li 2 CO 3 after the charging process would cover the active sites and gradually block the porous channels of the cathode, leading to high overpotential, low discharge/charge conversion efficiency, and poor cycle life. , To improve the electrochemical performance of Li–CO 2 batteries, the design of the cathode catalyst, which could lower the overpotential and boost the decomposition of Li 2 CO 3 , is of particular importance.…”

Three-dimensionally semi-ordered macroporous air electrodes for metal–oxygen batteries

“…[18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Since the theoretical capacity and the rate capability of LOBs greatly depend on the active surface area, pore size and pore volume of the air electrode, nanomaterials such as super-P (SP) nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been widely used to prepare air electrodes. [25][26][27] However, the particle size and the pore size distribution in these electrodes exhibit a random distribution. [28][29][30][31] The reaction products generated during the discharge process can easily ll the pores and block the transport of mobile molecules and ions in the electrolyte inside the small pores of the air electrodes in LOBs.…”