Carbonaceous Aerosol in Polar Areas: First Results and Improvements of the Sampling Strategies

Caiazzo, Laura; Calzolai, Giulia; Becagli, Silvia; Amore, Alessandra; Nardin, Raffaello; Chiari, M.; Giardi, Fabio; Nava, S.; Lucarelli, F.; Pazzi, Giulia; Cristofanelli, Paolo; Virkkula, Aki; Gambaro, Andrea; Barbaro, Elena

doi:10.3390/atmos12030320

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 77 publications

(129 reference statements)

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“…The scattering-corrected eBC(sp(DMPS,PM10)) can be considered to be closer to the true eBC concentration. The reason for also presenting eBC(σap,nsc) is that often an estimate of BC concentrations is needed even if it is known that it is an upper estimate (Caiazzo et al, 2021). It is also comparable with the eBC often presented from Aethalometer measurements.…”

Section: Absorption Coefficients and Equivalent Black Carbon Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Another possible explanation is that there were organic compounds not observed with ion chromatography. Caiazzo et al (2021) took filter samples at Dome C in a different period, December 2016 -January 2018, analyzed them for organic and elemental carbon with an OC/EC analyzer. The average OC concentration was 86 ± 29 ng m -3 , approximately the concentration difference between the size distribution-derived and the sums of ions in the filter samples.…”

Section: Seasonal Cycles Of Scattering and Absorption åNgström Exponentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aerosol optical properties calculated from size distributions, filter samples and absorption photometer data at Dome C, Antarctica and their relationships between seasonal cycles of sources

Virkkula

Grythe

Backman

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Abstract. Optical properties of surface aerosols at Dome C, Antarctica in 2007–2013 and their potential source areas are presented. Scattering coefficients (σsp) were calculated from measured particle number size distributions with a Mie code and from filter samples using mass scattering efficiencies. Absorption coefficients (σap) were determined with a 3-wavelength Particle Soot Absorption Photometer (PSAP) and corrected for scattering by using two different algorithms. The scattering coefficients were also compared with σsp measured with a nephelometer at the South Pole Station (SPO). The minimum σap was observed in the austral autumn and the maximum in the austral spring, similar to other Antarctic sites. The darkest aerosol, i.e., the lowest single scattering albedo ωo ≈ 0.91 was observed in September and October and the highest ωo ≈ 0.99 in February and March. The uncertainty of the absorption Ångström exponent αap is high. The lowest αap monthly medians were observed in March and the highest in August–October. The equivalent black carbon (eBC) mass concentrations were compared with eBC measured at three other Antarctic sites: the SPO and two coastal sites, Neumayer and Syowa. The maximum monthly median eBC concentrations are almost the same (≈ 3 ± 1 ng m−3) at all these sites in October–November. This suggests that there is no significant difference in eBC between the coastal and plateau sites. The seasonal cycle of the eBC mass fraction exhibits a minimum f(eBC) ≈ 0.1 % in February–March and a maximum ≈ 4–5 % in August–October. Source areas were calculated using 50-day FLEXPART footprints. The highest eBC concentrations and the lowest ωo were associated with air masses coming from South America, Australia and Africa. Vertical simulations that take BC particle removal processes into account show that there would be essentially no BC particles arriving at Dome C from north of latitude 10° S at altitudes < 1600 m. The main biomass-burning regions Africa, Australia and Brazil are more to the south and their smoke plumes have been observed at higher altitudes than that so they can get transported to Antarctica. The seasonal cycle of BC emissions from wildfires and agricultural burning and other fires in South America, Africa and Australia were calculated from data downloaded from the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED). The maximum total emissions were in August–September but the peak of monthly average eBC concentrations is observed 2–3 months later in November not only at Dome C but also at SPO and the coastal stations. The air mass residence-time-weighted BC emissions from South America are approximately an order of magnitude larger than from Africa and Oceania suggesting that South American BC emissions are the largest contributors to eBC at Dome C. At Dome C the maximum and minimum scattering coefficients were observed in austral summer and winter, respectively. At SPO σsp was similar to that observed at Dome C in the austral summer but there was a large difference in winter, suggesting that in winter SPO is more influenced by sea spray emissions than Dome C. The seasonal cycles of σsp at Dome C and at the SPO were compared with the seasonal cycles of secondary and primary marine aerosol emissions. The σsp measured at SPO correlated much better with the sea-spray aerosol emission fluxes in the Southern Ocean than σsp at Dome C. The seasonal cycles of biogenic secondary aerosols were estimated from monthly average phytoplankton biomass concentrations obtained from the CALIOP satellite sensor data. The analysis suggests that a large fraction of the biogenic scattering aerosol observed at Dome C has been formed in the polar zone but it may take a month for the aerosol to be formed, grown and get transported from the sea level to Dome C.

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Section: Absorption Coefficients and Equivalent Black Carbon Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Seasonal Cycles Of Scattering and Absorption åNgström Exponentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol optical properties calculated from size distributions, filter samples and absorption photometer data at Dome C, Antarctica and their relationships between seasonal cycles of sources

Virkkula

Grythe

Backman

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…The implementation of the Fourth International Polar Year, associated with climate change, stimulated more active research into aerosol physicochemical characteristics in high-latitude regions, namely the disperse, ion, and elemental compositions of aerosol, the content of the absorbing substance (black carbon) in aerosol, the aerosol optical depth (AOD) of the atmosphere, etc. [2,5,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Despite the undoubted importance of the results obtained, they are still inhomogeneous with respect to the regions and studied characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Distribution of Aerosol Characteristics over the South Atlantic and Southern Ocean Using Multiyear (2004–2021) Measurements from Russian Antarctic Expeditions

et al. 2022

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Since 2004, we have carried out yearly measurements of physicochemical aerosol characteristics onboard research vessels at Southern Hemisphere high latitudes (34–72° S; 45° W–110° E). In this work, we statistically generalize the results from multiyear (2004–2021) measurements in this area of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) of the atmosphere, concentrations of aerosol and equivalent black carbon (EBC), as well as the ionic composition of aerosol. A common regularity was that the aerosol characteristics decreased with increasing latitude up to the Antarctic coast, where the aerosol content corresponded to the global background level. Between Africa and Antarctica, AOD decreased from 0.07 to 0.024, the particle volume decreased from 5.5 to 0.55 µm3/cm3, EBC decreased from 68.1 to 17.4 ng/m3, and the summed ion concentration decreased from 24.5 to 2.5 µg/m3. Against the background of the common tendency of the latitude decrease in aerosol characteristics, we discerned a secondary maximum (AOD and ion concentrations) or a plateau (aerosol and EBC concentrations). The obtained spatial distribution of aerosol characteristics qualitatively agreed with the model-based MERRA-2 reanalysis data, but showed quantitative differences: the model AOD values were overestimated (by 0.015, on average); while the EBC concentrations were underestimated (by 21.7 ng/m3). An interesting feature was found in the aerosol spatial distribution in the region of Antarctic islands: at a distance of 300 km from the islands, the concentrations of EBC decreased on average by 29%, while the aerosol content increased by a factor of 2.5.

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Characterization of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) in an urban area in Amman by PIXE, PESA, optical and gravimetric measurements

Sa’adeh,

Chiari

2024

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B:

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Carbonaceous Aerosol in Polar Areas: First Results and Improvements of the Sampling Strategies

Cited by 4 publications

References 77 publications

Aerosol optical properties calculated from size distributions, filter samples and absorption photometer data at Dome C, Antarctica and their relationships between seasonal cycles of sources

Aerosol optical properties calculated from size distributions, filter samples and absorption photometer data at Dome C, Antarctica and their relationships between seasonal cycles of sources

Spatial Distribution of Aerosol Characteristics over the South Atlantic and Southern Ocean Using Multiyear (2004–2021) Measurements from Russian Antarctic Expeditions

Characterization of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) in an urban area in Amman by PIXE, PESA, optical and gravimetric measurements

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