Carbonaceous Nanoparticle Layers Prepared using Candle Soot by Direct- and Spray-based Depositions

Abstract

To investigate the properties and structures of soot particles derived from candle combustion, two deposition routes were performed. In "Route-1," the aerosol (soot) particles were collected by direct exposure of a substrate in a chamber with controlled airflows. In "Route-2," deposited soot nanoparticles was transferred into suspension and subsequently, the deposition of particles on to the substrate was achieved by an electrospray. Raman spectral analysis has shown the difference of G-band intensity relative to D-band between hydrophobic and hydrophilic particle layers obtained from different collection regions of the candle flame. It also reveals the effect of airflows during the collection to the ratio of the D to G peak. Meanwhile, the Raman spectra of the particles seem invariant to the preparation methods of suspension and electrospray deposition process. From the curve gradient of spectroscopy (190-2500 nm) results, the electrospraydeposited particle layers (Route-2) show higher absorbance in the near-infrared region compared to direct-deposited particle layers (Route-1). This change in the spectrum may due to the change in morphology of nanoparticle layers formed by each route.

Selective Deposition of Candle Soot on a Cellulose Membrane for Efficient Solar Evaporation

“…The Raman peak at 1370 cm –1 corresponds to the D -band of carbon, which basically signifies the distortion of the sp 2 -hybridized crystalline structure, while the peak at 1600 cm –1 is associated with the G -band, indicating the stretching of the C–C bonds in the graphite materials. Additionally, the high intensity of the G -band demonstrates that the IFCS is rich in sp 2 -hybridized graphite, which is not only consistent with the XRD analysis in terms of graphitization of IFCS but also indicates its hydrophobic nature. , …”

“…Additionally, the high intensity of the Gband demonstrates that the IFCS is rich in sp 2 -hybridized graphite, which is not only consistent with the XRD analysis in terms of graphitization of IFCS but also indicates its hydrophobic nature. 43,44 The chemical composition of the IFCS was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, which reveals that the candle soot is a mixture of branched hydrocarbons such as carboxylic groups, methyl, and methylene groups. Figure 2c presents the FTIR spectrum of the IFCS collected on a ZnSe substrate.…”

Soot emissions of mutually synchronized candle flames

“…In this study, the distribution of soot particles' diameter was measured by the Dynamic Light scattering (DLS) technique. More details on the measurement of particle size distribution using DLS can be found in numerous literature [44][45][46][47][48][49] . Here, the PDF shows the presence of various-sized soot particles for all flame modes, which indicates both the steady and the oscillatory flames produce multi-scale soot particles rather than any specific-sized soot particles.…”

Candle Soot-Based Electrosprayed Superhydrophobic Coatings for Self-Cleaning, Anti-Corrosion and Oil/Water Separation

“…The technique of electrospraying has been intensively studied in the synthesis of micro/nano materials [ 22 , 23 ] and mass spectrometry [ 24 , 25 ]. To the best of our knowledge, electrospraying of CS-based superhydrophobic coatings are seldom reported, although recent works utilized this technique to deposit functionalized CS particles and carbonaceous nanoparticle layers [ 26 , 27 ].…”