Carbonaceous PM2.5 and secondary organic aerosol across the Veneto region (NE Italy)

Khan, Md. Badiuzzaman; Masiol, Mauro; Formenton, Gianni; Gilio, Alessia Di; Gennaro, Gianluigi de; Agostinelli, Claudio; Pavoni, Bruno

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.103

Cited by 69 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…This indicates that the more stable meteorological conditions in winter are more conducive to the secondary formation of organic matter. The higher concentrations of organic aerosol in winter were also discussed in previous work, not only in China but also in some European cities [54,55]. OM accounted for 22.6%, 21.5%, and 17.7% of PM 2.5 mass at industrial sites, urban sites, and clean sites, respectively.…”

Section: Organic and Elemental Carbonsupporting

confidence: 74%

Source Apportionment of PM2.5 during Haze and Non-Haze Episodes in Wuxi, China

et al. 2018

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Chemical characteristics of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) in Wuxi at urban, industrial, and clean sites on haze and non-haze days were investigated over four seasons in 2016. In this study, high concentrations of fine particulate matter (107.6 ± 25.3 µg/m 3 ) were measured in haze episodes. The most abundant chemical components were organic matter (OM), SO 4 2− , NO 3 − , elemental carbon (EC), and NH 4 + , which varied significantly on haze and non-haze days. The concentrations of OM and EC were 38.5 ± 5.4 µg/m 3 and 12.3 ± 2.1 µg/m 3 on haze days, which were more than four times greater than those on non-haze days. Source apportionment using a chemical mass balance (CMB) model showed that the dominant sources were secondary sulfate (17.7%), secondary organic aerosols (17.1%), and secondary nitrate (14.2%) during the entire sampling period. The source contribution estimates (SCEs) of most sources at clean sites were lower than at urban and industrial sites. Primary industrial emission sources, such as coal combustion and steel smelting, made larger contributions at industrial sites, while vehicle exhausts and cooking smoke showed higher contributions at urban sites. In addition, the SCEs of secondary sulfate, secondary nitrate, and secondary organic aerosols on haze days were much higher than those on non-haze days, indicating that the secondary particulate matter formations process was the dominating reason for high concentrations of particles on haze days.

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Section: Organic and Elemental Carbonsupporting

confidence: 74%

Source Apportionment of PM2.5 during Haze and Non-Haze Episodes in Wuxi, China

et al. 2018

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“…The concentrations of OC and EC reported in various cities are given in Table 2. It is found that the mean concentrations of OC and EC in PM 2.5 in Shijiazhuang were higher than any other cities (Park et al, 2002;Viana et al, 2007;Feng et al, 2015;Khan et al, 2015;. The concentrations of PM 2.5 during the sampling period were also higher than reported for the other cities.…”

Section: Chemical Species Carbonaceous Componentsmentioning

confidence: 58%

Chemical Characteristics of PM2.5 during a 2016 Winter Haze Episode in Shijiazhuang, China

Chen

Zhang

Zhu

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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To better understand the chemical characteristics and the potential source regions of PM 2.5 measured from 18 January until 22 January 2016 in Shijiazhuang, China, PM 2.5 was measured continuously and integrated daily sampling using midvolume samplers was conducted at the three sites. The mean concentration of PM 2.5 at the three sites reached 113, 131 and 119 µg m -3 during the sampling period, the higher concentrations occurred at early morning and noon, similar variation trends were found in the three sites. The concentrations of OC were higher than EC at three sampling sites and the OC/EC ratios ranged from 9.09 to 12.4 with a daily mean value of 10.8 during a haze pollution episode (HPE), which suggested that carbonaceous compositions might be from same source. The total concentration of water soluble inorganic ions (WSII) at the sites ranged from 72.2 to 100.0 µg m -3 with a mean of 84.3 µg m -3. The dominant species were NO 3 -, SO 4 2-, NH 4 + , Cl -, accounting for 88.4% of the mean PM 2.5 WSII mass. The most abundant measured element was Na with average mass concentrations of 41.5, 37.0, and 38.1 µg m -3 during the HPE. Relative humidity during HPE was higher than during clean days with average values of 70.1% and 60.2%, suggesting that high relative humidity and low wind speed favored formation of secondary inorganic ions and accelerated hygroscopic growth. The Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) and a potential source contribution function (PSCF) analysis were used to assess the data. Back-trajectories for the three sites identified similar transport pathways. PSCF analysis showed a significant regional impact on PM 2.5 at Shijiazhuang during the polluted period. The potential source areas for PM 2.5 in Shijiazhuang were the Beijing-Tianjin region and Shandong Province. The results of the present study show the need for the development of PM 2.5 control measurements on a regional scale.

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“…In central Italy, SOC/OC ratios between 44% and 54% were observed at three sites of different typology (rural, urban background, and urban) [57]. In Northern Italy, SOC/OC ratios between 52% (summer) and 76% (winter) were observed at different sites [58]. In Birmingham (UK), an SOC/OC ratio of 59% was observed during winter [59] and the same ratio (59%) was also observed at an urban site in Beijing (China) [60].…”

Section: Estimation Of Soc Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Inter-Comparison of Carbon Content in PM2.5 and PM10 Collected at Five Measurement Sites in Southern Italy

et al. 2017

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A field campaign was performed simultaneously at five measurement sites, having different characteristics, to characterize the spatial distribution of the carbonaceous content in atmospheric aerosol in Southern Italy during the winter season. Organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) were measured at urban (Naples), suburban (Lecce), coastal/marine (Lamezia Terme and Capo Granitola), and remote (Monte Curcio) locations. OC and EC mass concentrations were quantified by the thermal-optical transmission (TOT) method, in 24-h PM 10 and PM 2.5 samples collected on quartz fiber filters, from 25 November 2015 to 1 January 2016. The different sites showed marked differences in the average concentrations of both carbonaceous species. Typically, OC average levels (±standard deviation) were higher at the sites of Naples (12.8 ± 5.1 and 11.8 ± 4.6 µg/m 3 ) and Lecce (10.7 ± 5.8 and 9.0 ± 4.7 µg/m 3 ), followed by Lamezia Terme (4.3 ± 2.0 and 4.0 ± 1.9 µg/m 3 ), Capo Granitola (2.3 ± 1.2 and 1.7 ± 1.1 µg/m 3 ), and Monte Curcio (0.9 ± 0.3 and 0.9 ± 0.3 µg/m 3 ) in PM 10 and PM 2.5 , respectively. Similarly, EC average levels (±standard deviation) were higher at the urban sites of Naples (2.3 ± 1.1 and 1.8 ± 0.5 µg/m 3 ) and Lecce (1.5 ± 0.8 and 1.4 ± 0.7 µg/m 3 ), followed by Lamezia Terme (0.6 ± 0.3 and 0.6 ± 0.3 µg/m 3 ), Capo Granitola (0.3 ± 0.3 and 0.3 ± 0.2 µg/m 3 ), and Monte Curcio (0.06 ± 0.04 and 0.05 ± 0.03 µg/m 3 ) in PM 10 and PM 2.5 , respectively. An opposite trend was observed for the OC/EC ratios ranging from 6.4 to 15.9 in PM 10 and from 6.4 to 15.5 in PM 2.5 with lower values in urban sites compared to remote sites. Different OC-EC correlations, 0.36 < R 2 < 0.90, were found in four observation sites. This behavior suggests the contributions of similar sources and common atmospheric processes in both fractions. No correlations were observed between OC and EC at the site of Naples. The average secondary organic carbon (SOC) concentrations, quantified using the minimum OC/EC ratio method, ranged from 0.4 to 7.6 µg/m 3 in PM 10 and from 0.4 to 7.2 µg/m 3 in PM 2.5 , accounting from 37 to 59% of total OC in PM 10 and from 40 to 57% in PM 2.5 with higher percentages in the urban and suburban sites of Naples and Lecce.

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Carbonaceous PM2.5 and secondary organic aerosol across the Veneto region (NE Italy)

Cited by 69 publications

References 58 publications

Source Apportionment of PM2.5 during Haze and Non-Haze Episodes in Wuxi, China

Source Apportionment of PM2.5 during Haze and Non-Haze Episodes in Wuxi, China

Chemical Characteristics of PM2.5 during a 2016 Winter Haze Episode in Shijiazhuang, China

Inter-Comparison of Carbon Content in PM2.5 and PM10 Collected at Five Measurement Sites in Southern Italy

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