Carbonate apron models: Alternatives to the submarine fan model for paleoenvironmental analysis and hydrocarbon exploration

Mullins, Henry T.; Cook, Harry E.

doi:10.1016/0037-0738(86)90080-1

Cited by 185 publications

(178 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Some foraminiferal species are also typical of the reef environment, for example K. fluegeli, G. tollmanni, B. salaji, and D. schaeferae (see Gale, 2012, and references therein). The interfingering of distal turbidite deposits and hemipelagites characterizes basin-plain depositional setting in the model of Mullins and cook (1986). Alternatively, due to the presence of slumps, the deposition could take place at the foot of a slightly inclined slope (on a distal outer apron sensu Mullins & cook, 1986).…”

Section: Sedimentary Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The interfingering of distal turbidite deposits and hemipelagites characterizes basin-plain depositional setting in the model of Mullins and cook (1986). Alternatively, due to the presence of slumps, the deposition could take place at the foot of a slightly inclined slope (on a distal outer apron sensu Mullins & cook, 1986). The slump trigger could be sediment overload or external mechanisms, such as seismic activity (e.g., hanForD & loucks, 1994).…”

Section: Sedimentary Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Slatnik Formation of the Javor section is composed solely of hemipelagic limestone, which indicates sedimentation on a basin plain (Mullins & cook, 1986). Synsedimentary slumping, however, indicates minor inclination of the basin floor.…”

Section: Sedimentary Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extent of the Upper Norian – Rhaetian Slatnik Formation in the Tolmin Nappe, eastern Southern Alps

Rožič¹,

Gale²,

Kolar‐Jurkovšek³

2013

Geologija

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In the Norian and Rhaetian the area of present-day Slovenia was divided into the Julian Carbonate Platform on in present north, the Dinaric Carbonate Platform in the present south and the intermediate Slovenian Basin. Main Dolomite or the Dachstein Limestone were deposited, on the platforms whereas the basin was characterized by the Ba~a Dolomite. The Upper Norian-Rhaetian succession was recently recognized in the northern part of the basin. It was studied in two sections and defined as the Slatnik Formation. Rich conodont and foraminiferal assemblages were additionally studied. Two new sections of the Slatnik Formation are presented in this paper, proving the existence of the formation across the entire northern segment of the basin. The Povdnar section is located in the continuous facies belt westward from the type-locality on Mt. Kobla. When compared to the type-locality and the other previously studied section at Mt. Slatnik, the Povdnar section exhibits more distal basinal development, where hemipelagic limestone prevails, whereas resedimented limestones occur only sporadically. For this reason, a coarsening and thickening upward trend that was recognized in previously investigated sections is poorly expressed in the Povdnar section. The second newly studied section is located on Mt. Javor where the most northwestern succession of the basin is found. In this section, the Slatnik Formation is composed solely of hemipelagic limestone.

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Section: Sedimentary Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sedimentary Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extent of the Upper Norian – Rhaetian Slatnik Formation in the Tolmin Nappe, eastern Southern Alps

Rožič¹,

Gale²,

Kolar‐Jurkovšek³

2013

Geologija

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“…Gully fills that cut into slope mudstone and are similarly plugged with coarser sediment are described from the Oligo-Miocene Numidian Flysch, Tunisia (Sami et al, 2010), the Devonian Prongs Creek Formation, Yukon (Mullins and Cook, 1986), This cliff is underlain and overlain by pack-grainstone packages and these packages are interbedded with wackepackstones. The pack-grainstone packages are observed to erode into underlying units (see 500, 600 and 1200 cm on …”

Section: Puig Cutri Area (C001)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stratigraphy, sedimentology and structure of the Numidian Flysch thrust belt in northern Tunisia

Riahi

Soussi

Boukhalfa

et al. 2010

Journal of African Earth Sciences

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The Cutri Formation's type location exposed in the NW of Mallorca, Spain, has previously been described and further interpreted as a base-of-slope carbonate apron. Incorporating new field and laboratory analysis this paper enhances this interpretation. From this analysis, it can be shown without reasonable doubt that the Cutri Formation was deposited in a carbonate base-of-slope environment on the palaeowindward side of a Mid-Jurassic Tethyan platform. Key evidence such as laterally extensive exposures, abundant deposits of calciturbidtes and debris flows amongst hemipelagic deposits strongly support this interpretation.Keywords: calcilturbidite, debrite, Bositra, Jurassic, Mallorca, base-of-slope apron Resumen La Formación Cutri, en su localidad tipo en el noroeste de Mallorca (España), ha sido previamente interpretada como un posible prisma de talud carbonático. Esta interpretación es ratificada y pormenorizada en este trabajo con la incorporación de nuevos datos de campo y de laboratorio. El análisis realizado muestra que la Formación Cutri se depositó en la base del talud, en el lado de un ambiente carbonato de base de la pendiente a barlovento de una plataforma carbonatada tetisiana del Jurásico Medio. Esta interpretación está apoyada por extensos afloramientos de gran continuidad lateral, abundantes niveles de calciturbidtas y debris-flows entre los depósitos hemipelágicos.Palabras clave: calcilturbidita, debrita, Bositra, Jurásico, Mallorca, prisma de base de talud carbonático Journal of Iberian Geology 42 (1) 2016: [95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112]

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“…Comparison with established calciclastic submarine fan models Carbonate (calciclastic) slope systems are divided into slope apron and base-of-slope apron systems (Mullins & Cook 1986) and carbonate submarine channel-fan systems. The latter have been traditionally interpreted based on siliciclastic submarine fan models (see Payros & Pujalte 2008) because no specific carbonate submarine fan equivalent existed.…”

Section: Position Of Outcrop Occurrences Within a Channel-fan Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mangarara Formation: Exhumed remnants of a middle Miocene, temperate carbonate, submarine channel‐fan system on the eastern margin of Taranaki Basin, New Zealand

Puga‐Bernabéu

Vonk

Nelson

et al. 2009

New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics

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The middle Miocene Mangarara Formation is a thin (1-60 m), laterally discontinuous unit of moderately to highly calcareous (40-90%) facies of sandy to pure limestone, bioclastic sandstone, and conglomerate that crops out in a few valleys in North Taranaki across the transition from King Country Basin into offshore Taranaki Basin. The unit occurs within hemipelagic (slope) mudstone of Manganui Formation, is strati graphic ally associated with redeposited sandstone of Moki Formation, and is overlain by redeposited volcaniclastic sandstone of Mohakatino Formation. The calcareous facies of the Mangarara Formation are interpreted to be mainly mass-emplaced deposits having channelised and sheet-like geometries, sedimentary structures supportive of redeposition, mixed environment fossil associations, and stratigraphic enclosure within bathyal mudrocks and fiysch. The carbonate component of the deposits consists mainly of bivalves, larger benthic foraminifers (especially Amphistegina), coralline red algae including rhodoliths (Lithothamnion and Mesophyllum), and bryozoans, a warm-temperate, shallow marine skeletal association. While sediment derivation was partly from an eastern contemporary shelf, the bulk of the skeletal carbonate is inferred to have been sourced from shoal carbonate factories around and upon isolated basement highs (Patea-Tongaporutu High) to the south. The Mangarara sediments were redeposited within slope gullies and broad open submarine channels and lobes in the vicinity of the channel-lobe transition zone of a submarine fan system. Different phases of sediment transport and deposition (lateral-accretion and aggradation stages) are identified in the channel infilling. Dual fan systems likely co-existed, one dominating and predominantly siliciclastic in nature (Moki Formation), and the other infrequent and involving the temperate calcareous deposits of Mangarara Formation. The Mangarara Formation is an outcrop analogue for middle Miocene-age carbonate slope-fan deposits elsewhere in subsurface Taranaki Basin, New Zealand.

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Carbonate apron models: Alternatives to the submarine fan model for paleoenvironmental analysis and hydrocarbon exploration

Cited by 185 publications

References 15 publications

Extent of the Upper Norian – Rhaetian Slatnik Formation in the Tolmin Nappe, eastern Southern Alps

Extent of the Upper Norian – Rhaetian Slatnik Formation in the Tolmin Nappe, eastern Southern Alps

Stratigraphy, sedimentology and structure of the Numidian Flysch thrust belt in northern Tunisia

Mangarara Formation: Exhumed remnants of a middle Miocene, temperate carbonate, submarine channel‐fan system on the eastern margin of Taranaki Basin, New Zealand

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