Carbonate Dissolution in the Deep-Sea: Methods, Quantification and Paleoceanographic Application

Dittert, Nicolas; Baumann, Karl-Heinz; Bickert, Torsten; Henrich, Rüdiger; Huber, Robert; Kinkel, Hanno; Meggers, Helge

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-58646-0_10

Cited by 78 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Dittert et al, 1999). Similarly, in the analysed sediments, the effects of carbonate dissolution are more visually detectable by SEM on E. huxleyi than on other coccoliths.…”

Section: Preferential Diagenesis Of Emiliania Huxleyi?mentioning

confidence: 62%

Abnormal carbonate diagenesis in Holocene–late Pleistocene sapropel-associated sediments from the Eastern Mediterranean; evidence from Emiliania huxleyi coccolith morphology

Crudeli

Young

Erba

et al. 2004

Marine Micropaleontology

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In studying the Holocene -late Pleistocene record of the Eastern Mediterranean, considerable Emiliania huxleyi size/shape variation not clearly assignable to primary or secondary calcification was observed. Accordingly, different morphotypes were distinguished by light microscope (LM).A subsequent scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis of selected samples has indicated that Emiliania huxleyi coccoliths are variably affected by carbonate diagenesis in these sediments. A series of diagenetic stages were qualitatively defined, comprising well-preserved specimens, three overgrowth (OG1 to OG3) and one etching (E1) stage. Comparing SEM and LM observations, a tentative correlation between the E. huxleyi calcified LM-morphotypes and E. huxleyi SEM-overgrowth stages is proposed here.Our study not only indicates that Emiliania huxleyi coccoliths are strongly influenced by carbonate diagenesis, but also that they show effects of carbonate precipitation and dissolution much more clearly than other coccoliths. The relative abundances of the different LM-morphotypes were used to define an E. huxleyi overgrowth index (EXO) that qualitatively estimates carbonate precipitation/dissolution on coccoliths in this sediment. This resulted in definition of five ''Diagenetic'' intervals (D1 to D5). Deposition of sapropel S1 was a time of good preservation with variable dissolution and no overgrowth of E. huxleyi coccoliths, whereas calcite overgrowth was high during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and interglacial period and, to a lesser extent, during the Younger Dryas and through the last 5 ka. D

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“…Dittert et al, 1999). Similarly, in the analysed sediments, the effects of carbonate dissolution are more visually detectable by SEM on E. huxleyi than on other coccoliths.…”

Section: Preferential Diagenesis Of Emiliania Huxleyi?mentioning

confidence: 62%

Abnormal carbonate diagenesis in Holocene–late Pleistocene sapropel-associated sediments from the Eastern Mediterranean; evidence from Emiliania huxleyi coccolith morphology

Crudeli

Young

Erba

et al. 2004

Marine Micropaleontology

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“…Its microbial breakdown leads to the acidification of the water-column and upper sediment layer, which can be responsible for increased carbonate dissolution (e.g. Dittert et al 1999). …”

Section: Calcidiscus Leptoporusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coccolith contribution to South Atlantic carbonate sedimentation

2004

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SummaryIn order to assess the significance of calcifying organisms for the carbonate budget it is necessary to have reliable estimates of the relative proportion of carbonate production of the different organism groups. In this chapter we firstly review the carbonate distribution patterns of both bulk coccoliths and planktic foraminifera, estimated by means of different carbonate calculation techniques. These studies clearly reveal a variable pattern of carbonate sedimentation and accumulation for planktic foraminifera and coccolithophores, respectively. Whilst coccolith carbonate dominates the oligotrophic gyres of the South Atlantic, carbonate produced by planktic foraminifera is more important in more fertile, mesotrophic to eutrophic areas, such as the equatorial divergence zone. Mass estimates of coccolith carbonate burial in surface sediments of the South Atlantic document coccoliths to be major carbonate contributors in most midAtlantic Ridge sediments, exceeding up to 70 wt.-%. In contrast to these oligotrophic areas, they are of lesser importance in sediments accumulating on the continental margins, where they account for only a fifth of the carbonate fraction.Based on estimates of mean coccolith masses, species-specific coccolith carbonate contributions were calculated for the South Atlantic Ocean. Even though absolute numbers of most species, particularly of Oolithotus jragilis, Rhabdosphaera clavigera, Coccolithus pelagicus, and Helicosphaera carteri are many times lower than total numbers of Emiliania huxleyi, these subordinate massively calcifying species contribute most to the coccolith carbonate. Despite the large cell numbers generated by E. huxleyi and F. profunda in the photic zone, as single species they are of minor importance to coccolithophore carbonate production. While absolute accumulation of coccolith carbonate in upwelling regions is estimated to be about three times higher than in the oligotrophic gyres, the latter areas are about 5-10 times larger globally. This means that total accumulation of coccolith-carbonate in oligotrophic areas exceeds by far that of the

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“…The basic idea is that the terrigenous mud fraction is mostly delivered by lateral sediment supply and susceptible to current sorting by deep-sea currents. In contrast, the grain-size distribution of biogenic particles, in addition to current sorting, is inherited from the modes of biological productivity and mainly originates from the vertical settling of skeletal planktonic remains through the water column, and is also affected and modified by dissolution processes in the water and the sediment column, especially in the South Atlantic (Bickert and Wefer 1996;Diekmann and Kuhn 1997;Dittert et al 1999). One well established grain-size parameter is the percentage of so-called "sortable silt" (grain size 63-10 /lm in diameter) in terrigenous mud.…”

Section: Sortable Silt and Bottom Currentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terrigenous Sediment Supply in the Polar to Temperate South Atlantic: Land-Ocean Links of Environmental Changes during the Late Quaternary

Diekmann

Fütterer

Grobe

et al. 2003

The South Atlantic in the Late Quaternary

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Terrigenous sediment parameters in modem sea-bottom samples and sediment cores of the South Atlantic are used to infer variations in detrital sources and modes of terrigenous sediment supply in response to environmental changes through the late Quaternary climate cycles. Massaccumulation rates of terrigenous sediment and fluxes of ice-rafted detritus are discussed in terms of temporal variations in detrital sediment input from land to sea. Grain-size parameters ofterrigenous mud document the intensity of bottom-water circulation, whereas clay-mineral assemblages constrain the sources and marine transport routes of suspended fine-grained particulates, controlled by the modes of sediment input and patterns of ocean circulation. The results suggest low-frequency East Antarctic ice dynamics with dominant lOO-kyr cycles and high rates of Antarctic Bottom Water formation and iceberg discharge during interglacial times. In contrast, the more subpolar ice masses of the Antarctic Peninsula also respond to short-term climate variability with maximum iceberg discharges during glacial terminations related to the rapid disintegration of advanced ice masses. In the northern Scotia Sea, increased sediment supply from southern South America points to extended ice masses in Patagonia during glacial times. In the southeastern South Atlantic, changes in regional ocean circulation are linked to global thermohaline ocean circulation and are in phase with northern-hemispheric processes of ice build-up and associated formation of North Atlantic Deep Water, which decreased during glacial times and permitted a wider extension of southern-source water masses in the study area.

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Carbonate Dissolution in the Deep-Sea: Methods, Quantification and Paleoceanographic Application

Cited by 78 publications

References 80 publications

Abnormal carbonate diagenesis in Holocene–late Pleistocene sapropel-associated sediments from the Eastern Mediterranean; evidence from Emiliania huxleyi coccolith morphology

Abnormal carbonate diagenesis in Holocene–late Pleistocene sapropel-associated sediments from the Eastern Mediterranean; evidence from Emiliania huxleyi coccolith morphology

Coccolith contribution to South Atlantic carbonate sedimentation

Terrigenous Sediment Supply in the Polar to Temperate South Atlantic: Land-Ocean Links of Environmental Changes during the Late Quaternary

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