Carbonate parameters in high and low productivity areas of the Sulu Sea, Philippines

Ferrera, Charissa M.; Jacinto, Gil S.; Chen, Chen‐Tung Arthur; Diego‐McGlone, Maria Lourdes San; Datoc, Ma. Ferina Kristine T.; Lagumen, Mary Chris T; Senal, Maria Isabel S.

doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2017.08.005

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…The inflow of the core of low-chlorophyll concentrations at~200 m ( Figure 3B), located at the same depth as the core of high-salinity, subtropical, lower water ( Figure 3 in [33]), is not blocked by the sills at the Mindoro Strait and Panay Strait. This supports the results of previous studies in the Sulu Sea [33][34][35][36] and of [30], which used hydrographic data obtained from the same research cruise. These data show the different potential temperature, salinity, and potential density profiles between the South China Sea and Sulu Sea starting at~400 m and below due to the sills at Mindoro Strait and Panay Strait (~440 m and~570 m, respectively) [37] that confine the deep waters of the South China Sea to its basin.…”

Section: Laboratory Analysessupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Six stations in the Sulu Sea and one station in the South China Sea were occupied for organic carbon measurements (Figure 1). High-and low-productivity stations were designated based on estimates of surface primary production using the Vertically Generalized Production Model (VGPM; see [30] for details on the VGPM calculation and Table 1 therein for calculated estimates of primary production at each station). Water samples for DOC analysis were collected in precombusted (550 • C, 3 h) 500 mL borosilicate bottles and preserved with~125 µL of saturated HgCl 2 [31].…”

Section: Water Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The objective of this study is to determine the processes (physical, biogeochemical) that influence the concentrations of DOC and POC in the Sulu Sea during the northeast monsoon of 2007/2008. We hypothesize that organic carbon distributions will be affected by the major processes that were identified to affect the dissolved inorganic carbon distributions, e.g., primary productivity, bottom intensified flows along a topographic barrier, upwelling, and ventilation (Ferrera et al, 2017). As such, the data analyses involved the division of the water column into different depth layers, e.g., 0 m to mixed layer depth (MLD), below MLD to 200 m, 300 m to 1000 m (mesopelagic layer), and 1500 m to bottom depth (bathypelagic layer), and the examination of the linear relationships among DOC, POC, and other parameters at these layers to properly describe the prevailing physical and biogeochemical processes that affect the organic carbon distributions within the basin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organic Carbon Concentrations in High- and Low-Productivity Areas of the Sulu Sea

et al. 2018

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The sequestration of anthropogenic carbon dioxide in the form of organic carbon and its eventual deposition in the sediments is an important component of the marine carbon cycle. In the Sulu Sea, Philippines, organic carbon contents in the sediments have been relatively well studied, but the processes that describe the organic carbon distributions in the water column have not been elucidated. Dissolved and particulate organic carbon (DOC, POC) concentrations were measured at several stations in the Sulu Sea during the northeast monsoon of 2007/2008 to understand the dynamics of organic carbon in this unique internal sea. Analyses of primary productivity estimates, beam attenuation coefficient (at 660 nm) profiles, and correlation coefficients among DOC, POC and other parameters (e.g., apparent oxygen utilization) at different layers of the water column indicate that surface primary productivity, upwelling, bottom intensified flows across sills, and ventilation from shallow sills, which may contain semi-labile DOC that is estimated to largely contribute to microbial respiration in the bathypelagic layer, are the major processes that affect the DOC and POC distributions in the Sulu Sea. The variability of these processes should be taken into consideration when assessing the sustainability of internal and marginal seas as carbon sinks.

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Section: Laboratory Analysessupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Water Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organic Carbon Concentrations in High- and Low-Productivity Areas of the Sulu Sea

et al. 2018

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“…Depth profiles of NDIC and NTAlk in the Sunda Strait at station 21 and its comparison with other regions. Dissolved inorganic carbon and total alkalinity data in the Sulu Sea are from Ferrera et al (), from Minhan Dai's Group for the South China Sea, while in the Indian Ocean are from Johnson et al (). NDIC, normalized dissolved inorganic carbon; NTAlk, normalized total alkalinity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of the Carbonate System in the Western Indonesian Seas During the Southeast Monsoon

et al. 2020

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We present a unique water column data set of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TAlk) from a cruise to the western Indonesian Seas during the southeast monsoon, covering the Karimata Strait, western Java Sea, and Sunda Strait. Salinity-normalized TAlk (NTAlk) in the surface water ranged 2,297-2,348 μmol kg −1 , very close to typical values observed in the tropical ocean. In the Karimata Strait, the Kapuas River plume was observed, featuring low salinity, DIC, and TAlk. In the western Java Sea, where waters were well mixed, we observed relatively homogeneous distributions of salinity, DIC, and TAlk. In the Sunda Strait, waters intruding from the Java Sea occupied the upper layer, and below was the Indian Ocean water with lower values of salinity, DIC, and TAlk. In its deep portion, depth profiles of normalized DIC and NTAlk were very similar to those observed in the Indian Ocean. Physical processes and air-sea gas exchange exerted predominant controls on the carbonate system in the Karimata Strait and western Java Sea. While both processes play large roles in the Sunda Strait, a net DIC removal of 31 ± 23 μmol kg −1 in the surface mixed layer were revealed. The drawdown of DIC is consistent with an overall supersaturation of dissolved oxygen (102-107%), suggesting significant organic carbon production. In the subsurface-intermediate waters of the Sunda Strait mainly influenced by the advection of Indian Ocean water, a net DIC consumption of 54 ± 45 μmol kg −1 was distinct, likely stimulated by the nutrients supplied from the Indian Ocean. Plain Language SummaryResearch on the carbonate system in the tropical regime of the Indonesian Seas is minimal, which hampers our understanding to its essential role in interbasin exchanges of material and energy via the Indonesian throughflow. Here we present a unique data set to examine the dynamics of the carbonate system in the western Indonesian Seas. Based on DIC and TAlk relationships, we show that water mass mixing in the western Indonesian Seas during the southeast monsoon is dominated by zonal wind-mixed waters from the plume of the Kapuas River, the Java Sea and South China Sea mixed water, and the subsurface Indian Ocean water. These processes resulted in homogenous distributions of physical properties and carbonate system parameters. However, biologically mediated DIC consumption occurred in the surface mixed layer of the Sunda Strait, which led to an increase in dissolved oxygen saturation, the saturation state of aragonite (Ω arag ), and pH. Overall, our region was a source of atmospheric CO 2 as previously reported, although the controlling processes may vary with respect to time at both seasonal and interannual timescales.

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“…Some deep seas around the world do not have the temperature variation profile as presented in Figure 4. This happens where the seas are not connected to the deep ocean (depths higher than 1,000 to 1,500 meters), for example, in the Mediterranean Sea [63], the Sulu, Visayan and Bohol Seas in Southwestern Philippines [64] (as shown in Figure 5) and the Red Sea between the Middle East and…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical potential and cost estimates for seawater air conditioning

Hunt

Byers

Sánchez

2019

Energy

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In tropical climates, the energy consumed by ventilation and air conditioning can exceed 50% of the total consumption of a building. Demand for cooling is rising steadily, driven mainly by growing incomes in developing economies, and is expected to also increase with climate change. Tropical, coastal areas with narrow continental shelves are good sites for the implementation of Seawater Air Conditioning (SWAC), a renewable and low CO 2 emission cooling process. This paper presents the existing SWAC projects around the world and gives details on the technology. Data on ocean temperature profiles, ocean bathymetry and world surface temperature are processed with the intent of estimating the world potential of SWAC. The results present the required distance from coast to reach seawater with a temperature of 5 o C or less. This is combined with the potential demand for air conditioning, taking into account surface air temperature and a set SWAC design for cooling from 30 to 20 o C. The pipeline length, seawater depth and capacity factor are then used to estimate the costs of SWAC projects around the world. It is concluded that the locations with the highest potential for SWAC are intertropical islands and some continental locations.

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Carbonate parameters in high and low productivity areas of the Sulu Sea, Philippines

Cited by 10 publications

References 60 publications

Organic Carbon Concentrations in High- and Low-Productivity Areas of the Sulu Sea

Organic Carbon Concentrations in High- and Low-Productivity Areas of the Sulu Sea

Dynamics of the Carbonate System in the Western Indonesian Seas During the Southeast Monsoon

Technical potential and cost estimates for seawater air conditioning

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