Carbonation of concretes in the Mexican Gulf

Castro, P.; Sanjuán, Miguel Ángel; Genescá, J.

doi:10.1016/s0360-1323(99)00009-8

Cited by 39 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…El mecanismo de transporte o movimiento de la carbonatación dentro del hormigón es explicado por la teoría de la difusión, y se describe por la primera ley de Fick, según [11] (35,(39)(40)(41): Donde x corresponde a la profundidad de carbonatación después de un tiempo t en mm; t corresponde al tiempo en años y K es la constante de carbonatación en mm/ año 1/2 .…”

Section: Carbonataciónunclassified

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Durabilidad del hormigón armado expuesto a condiciones agresivas

Aguirre¹,

Gutiérrez²

2013

Mater. construcc.

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Reinforced concrete is the most widely used construction material in the world. The combination of high compressive strength, afforded by concrete and, and the excellent mechanical properties that characterise steel make it an ideal composite for all manner of structures. One of the main weaknesses of this material, however, is that when the concrete is exposed to aggressive environments, in particular high concentrations of chloride ions or carbon dioxide, reinforcing steel corrodes, shortening service life. This article reviews the state of the art on concrete durability, along with the conditions that affect its useful life by inducing reinforcing steel corrosion. It also discusses the prevention and control methods, in particular electrochemical prevention and rehabilitation techniques, that have been developed to mitigate the problem.Keywords: reinforced concrete; steel corrosion; mineral additions; electrochemical rehabilitation. RESUMENEl hormigón armado se ha convertido en el material más utilizado a nivel mundial en el sector de la construcción. La combinación de las altas prestaciones a resistencia a la compresión que ofrece el hormigón y las excelentes propiedades mecánicas del acero lo hacen el material compuesto ideal para aplicaciones estructurales. Sin embargo, uno de los mayores problemas que afecta la vida útil del hormigón es la corrosión del acero de refuerzo, la cual se presenta cuando el hormigón se encuentra expuesto a ambientes agresivos, en especial frente a la exposición a iones cloruros y/o dióxido de carbono. Este trabajo revisa el estado del conocimiento con respecto a la durabilidad del hormigón enfatizando en los fenóme-nos que afectan su durabilidad y generan la corrosión del acero de refuerzo, adicionalmente se incluyen los métodos de prevención y control que se han desarrollado para mitigar el problema, en particular los relacionados con las técnicas electroquímicas de prevención y rehabilitación. INTRODUCTIONVersatility and low cost have made concrete one of the world's most popular construction materials (1, 2). This ceramic material is characterised by high compressive strength, although it is prone to cracking under other types of mechanical stress such as bending and tensile forces, torque and shear. That weakness led to the advent of reinforced concrete, a combination of concrete and structural steel widely used to build bridges, buildings in general and skyscrapers in particular, tunnels and a host of other structures. One of the most important features of concrete, in addition to its mechanical properties, is its durability, which is associated with the inservice life of structures exposed to certain conditions or environments (3, 4). More specifically, reinforcing steel corrosion has been identified as the main weakness of reinforced concrete (5). This paper discusses the main types of concrete deterioration, including the processes that contribute to steel corrosion, and the respective prevention and control methods, such as the use of inhibitors and coatings, ...

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Section: Carbonataciónunclassified

“…Diffusion as per Fick's first law (see [11]) is the mechanism governing carbonate transport across concrete (35,(39)(40)(41):…”

Section: Carbonationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Durabilidad del hormigón armado expuesto a condiciones agresivas

Aguirre¹,

Gutiérrez²

2013

Mater. construcc.

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“…This has been attributed in part to the aggregates and fines used for all concrete construction being the natural limestones that are the only source of rock for much of the Yucatan peninsula (Castro et al 2000). The resulting concretes typically are relatively porous and sometimes also of poor quality, blamed for domestic construction at least on poor 'construction practices' (Solis-Carcano et al 2008) including the use of high watercement ratios , Sosa et al 2007).…”

Section: Second Progreso Pier Yucatan Mexicomentioning

confidence: 99%

Field experience and the long-term durability of reinforced concrete structures

Melchers¹

2015

Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Performance-Based and Life-Cycle Structural Engineering (PLSE 2015)

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For reinforced concrete structures the conventional wisdom is that after some years of exposure to marine conditions reinforcement corrosion is inevitable. Much attention is paid in the literature to the rate of ingress of chlorides through the concrete cover to the reinforcing bars and to ensuring highly impermeable cover and/or deeper cover, to try top prevent chloride-induced or carbonation-induced corrosion initiation. Actual field experience shows that there are many reinforced concrete structures that have survived remarkably well for many decades despite having very high chloride concentrations next to the reinforcing bars. Even with very modest concrete cover by modern standards, exhumation often finds bars free from corrosion. Detailed investigations of a number of such cases showed no corrosion if the concrete pH levels are above about 9. On the other hand, very severe reinforcement corrosion was observed in the few cases where the concrete had cracked right through the cover to the bars. Often there was no external evidence or signs of interior corrosion, including longitudinal cracking. The implications of these findings for practice are discussed.

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“…On coastal regions the main aggressors are chlorides, sulfates and humidity (Merchers et al, 2009;Ye et al, 2012;Zirou et al, 2007). However, CO2 is becoming increasingly present in deterioration of concrete at southeastern Mexico (Solis et al, 2005;Moreno et al, 2004;CastroBorges et al, 2013;Castro et al, 2000b). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the concrete-steel interface exposed to the outdoor environment and immersed in natural seawater

Sosa

Pérez

Moo-Yam

et al. 2018

Revista de la Asociación Latinoamericana de Control de Calidad,

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The electrochemical behavior in reinforced concrete structures with and without sodium chloride (NaCl) in the mixing water in a marine / tropical environment was evaluated. The monitoring consisted of measuring the corrosion potential (Ecorr), the advance of carbonation front (xCO2) and a photographic record of the concrete / steel interface at different stages of the period of time of exposure. In the exposure to the weather, the addition of NaCl to the mixing water favored the advance of carbonation. The presence of chlorides was a determining factor at the beginning and development of the corrosion process in both exposures to the weather and immersion. Keywords: reinforced concrete; carbonation; corrosion potential; concrete-steel interface, chloride ion. Análisis de la interfaz concreto-acero de especímenes expuestos a la intemperie y sumergidos en agua de mar natural RESUMEN Se evaluó el comportamiento electroquímico en estructuras de concreto armado sin y con adición de cloruro de sodio (NaCl) en el agua de amasado en un ambiente marino/tropical. El monitoreo consistió en medir el potencial de corrosión (Ecorr), avance del frente de carbonatación (xCO2) y registro fotográfico de la interfase concreto/acero en diferentes etapas del periodo de exposición. En la exposición a la intemperie se observó que la adición de iones cloruro favoreció el avance de la carbonatación. La presencia de iones cloruro es determinante en el inicio y desarrollo del proceso de corrosión, tanto en exposición a la intemperie como en inmersión.

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Carbonation of concretes in the Mexican Gulf

Cited by 39 publications

References 3 publications

Durabilidad del hormigón armado expuesto a condiciones agresivas

Durabilidad del hormigón armado expuesto a condiciones agresivas

Field experience and the long-term durability of reinforced concrete structures

Analysis of the concrete-steel interface exposed to the outdoor environment and immersed in natural seawater

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