Carbonation of Portland-Zeolite and geopolymer well-cement composites under geologic CO2 sequestration conditions

A Mass Balance Approach for Thermogravimetric Analysis in Pozzolanic Reactivity R3 Test and Effect of Drying Methods

“…The mass loss caused by the dehydroxylation of calcium hydroxide in a temperature range of around 400 to 500 °C (in line with the literature [ 7 , 23 , 25 , 26 ]) was determined with the tangential method according to Lothenbach et al [ 27 ]. The amount of CaCO 3 was calculated according to [ 28 , 29 ] with the mass loss between 600 and 750 °C (in line with the literature [ 23 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ]) using the stepwise method: where: Ca(OH) 2 is the amount of calcium hydroxide in the sample in g/100 g SCM; ML_Ca(OH)2* is the corrected mass loss between approximately 400 and 500 °C determined with the tangential method from TGA in wt.%; m1000* is the corrected mass at 1000 °C taken from TGA in wt.%; SCM_Anhydrous is the amount of SCM in g/100 g Anhydrous calculated according to Equation (3); CaCO 3 is the amount of calcium carbonate in the sample in g/100 g SCM; ML_CaCO3* is the corrected mass loss between 600 and 750 °C determined with the stepwise method from TGA in wt.%; w is the amount of physically and chemically bounded water (without water in calcium hydroxide) as well as the remaining organic solvents and free water in the sample in g/100 g SCM; m40* is the corrected mass at 40 °C taken from TGA in wt.%; m600* is the corrected mass at 600 °C taken from TGA in wt.%. …”

Atmospheric deterioration of ceramic building materials and future trends in the field: a review

“…Once all the available Ca(OH) 2 has been consumed and the cement matrix has dried, the resulting calcium carbonate converts into soluble bicarbonate and gets leached out. Consequently, the set cement becomes more porous and permeable, leading to a decline in its compressive strength [ 53 ]. Table 3 presents some examples of porosity percentage.…”

“…These tests are conducted across the full surface area of concrete samples, including their entire base. The same analysis is performed on both treated and untreated specimens [ 53 ]. Concrete's oxygen permeability can be determined using the procedure outlined in the UNE 83981 (2008) standard for concrete durability test procedures.…”

Basalt powder as a supplementary cementitious material in cement paste for CCS wells: chemical and mechanical resistance of cement formulations for CO2 geological storage sites

“…Thus, Oil & Gas companies are constantly searching for an adequate solution to increase well integrity in CO 2 -rich environments (Tiong et al, 2019). The use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) (Abid et al, 2020;Ledesma et al, 2020;Schütz et al, 2019;Sedić et al, 2020), nanomaterials (Abid et al, 2020;Mahmoud and Elkatatny, 2019;Tiong et al, 2019), polymers (Baldissera et al, 2017b(Baldissera et al, , 2017aSchütz et al, 2019) and composites (SCM reinforced polymers) (Schütz et al, 2019(Schütz et al, , 2018 has been highlighted as possible alternative to improve cement chemical resistance. However, it is required further studies to evaluate the performance of these materials in representative conditions of CCS storage sites.…”