“…It is also considered as the primary mineral for the construction and building industry. − In addition, lime (CaO), mainly from limestone decomposition, is a commonly needed oxide worldwide . They are considered fundamental precursors for numerous industries, especially cement and concrete materials. − Moreover, the calcination process of limestone is the major contributor to total CO 2 emissions in the cement industry, accounting for more than 40% of total CO 2 emissions in the cement industry. − All sectors worldwide face unprecedented challenges in CO 2 emissions and energy consumption issues. − …”