Carbonic Anhydrase in Newborn Infants 1

Stevenson, Stuart S.

doi:10.1172/jci101409

Cited by 62 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The tissues of the infant rat (4 to 5 days) are very low in non-specific esterase. Concerning enzymes of young animals, it is known that very young fetuses of the goat contain extraordinarily little carbonic anhydrase (21) and this enzyme in the blood of newborn infants (22) is less than half that found in the blood of adults. Esterase in rat tissues other than the testis accumulates rapidly so that at 12 to 18 days normal values are found.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Esterases of Testis and Other Tissues

Huggins

Moulton

1948

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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This paper is concerned with some physiologic relationships of non-specific esterases of tissues of the rat, dog, and man which were investigated by a colorimetric technique. Two patterns of hydrolysis were revealed that were characteristic of several tissues. I t was found also that the esterase of rat testis is produced in the interstitial cells, that its content is under control of the hypophysis, and that its concentration is related to the production of androgen by the testis.The colorimetric method employed chromogenic substrates, colorless compounds that liberate color on hydrolysis. The color value is read directly, the depth of color produced by enzymatic hydrolysis being directly related to activity of the enzyme. The chromogenic substrate techniques of enzymatic investigation combine accuracy, delicacy, and simplicity. All the chromogenic substrates, beginning with the first use of this technique by Ohmori (1), have been compounds of phenolic acid-base indicators esterified with phosphoric (1, 2), glucuronic (3), sulfuric (4), or fatty acids (5). In the present studies the substrates were the aeyl esters of p-nitrophenol previously synthesized in this laboratory.Three principal esterase activities in animal tissues can be differentiated according to their distribution, their efficiency against various substrates, and the effect of inhibitors (5, 24) upon them. An enzyme cannot be characterized with certainty until it has been isolated in a pure state and this has not been achieved with any of the esterases. However, from indirect evidence esterolysis seems to be brought about by three separate types of enzymes; in this paper the effects will be designated according to conventional usage as cholinesterase, non-specific esterase, and lipase. No doubt there is some overlapping of their activities and, as will be brought out, the chief differentiating characteristics are quantitative rather than qualitative.The choline esters are sufficiently soluble in water to serve as satisfactory substrates in vitro. Cholinesterase has an entirely different distribution than the other esterases.Maruay and Nachmansohn (6) found that the cerebral cortex and uterus of guinea pig hydrolyzed acetylcholine more effectively than extracts of kidney or liver did. In swine (7) aeetylcholine is hydrolyzed more rapidly by certain structures which, in descending order of magnitude, are the parotid, lachrymal and sublingual glands, Fallopian tube, jejunal and gastric mucosa, and the medulla oblongata. Mendel,

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Esterases of Testis and Other Tissues

Huggins

Moulton

1948

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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“…In newborn infants, zinc content of the erythrocyte is only one-quarter the adult value; progressively rising over the first 12 years of life (Berfenstam, 1952b). This appears to correlate with the low level of carbonic anhydrase found in erythrocytes of infants (Stevenson, 1943).…”

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confidence: 69%

A LITERATURE REVIEW OF $sup 65$Zn IN BIRDS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE MALLARD.

Curnow¹

1968

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“…2 shows the effect of such an intramuscular injection on the enzyme activity. (12) gave intravenous injections of plasma and serum to premature infants but was not able to observe any change in the enzyme activity after the injections. Plasma and serum injections (a total of 3) given by the author had, however, a different result.…”

Section: Intramuscular Injections Of Whole Blood Into Premature Infantsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Studies on Carbonic Anhydrase Activity in Children

Berfenstam

1952

Acta Paediatrica

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Summary An account of the results of intravenous and intramuscular injections of whole blood, plasma and serum into premature infants is given. In all cases there is an increase of carbonic anhydrase activity in the infant's blood. The cause for the increase in enzyme activity is discussed. This is found to be probably due to an activating factor in plasma; this factor is thermostable, dialysable and seemingly of non‐electrolyte character. The possible inconveniences that premature infants could suffer on account of their low carbonic anhydrase activity and the help possibly afforded to these infants by transfusions are discussed.

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Carbonic Anhydrase in Newborn Infants 1

Cited by 62 publications

References 13 publications

Esterases of Testis and Other Tissues

Esterases of Testis and Other Tissues

A LITERATURE REVIEW OF $sup 65$Zn IN BIRDS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE MALLARD.

Studies on Carbonic Anhydrase Activity in Children

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