Carboniferous smaller Foraminifera: convergences and divergences

Abstract

The Carboniferous foraminifera are composed of representatives of three classes: Fusulinata, Miliolata and Nodosariata. Despite ample literature on Paleozoic Allogromiata and Textulariata, the real presence of these classes remains questionable during the Carboniferous and are thus excluded herein. The main biostratigraphical markers belong to the superfamilies Archaediscoidea, Lasiodiscoidea and Bradyinoidea; even if many genera among the archaediscoids have still a controversial nomenclature, as well as some lasiodiscids and bradyinoids. Secondary biostratigraphical markers belong to Lituotubelloidea (= “Tournayelloidea” of the authors), Endothyroidea and Loeblichioidea (these latter giving rise to the primitive Fusulinida). The Miliolata appear at the Visean/Serpukhovian boundary interval. The typical Carboniferous miliolates are primitive nubeculariins and cornuspirinins. Tubiphytids might be miliolate and cyanobacterium consortia, derived from the nubeculariin Palaeonubecularia. The most primitive nodosariates (syzraniids) appear in the Moscovian; and gave rise, in the latest Carboniferous, to Protonodosaria, Nodosinelloides, and possibly Polarisella, Paravervilleina and oldest Geinitzinoidea. Palaeobiological data are mainly provided by the genera Bradyina, Tetrataxis and Climacammina. Palaeobiogeographical distributions of Pojarkovella, Janischewskina, Eosigmoilina, Brenckleina, Spireitlina, Hemigordius and Syzrania testify to the successive foraminiferal migrations between Palaeotethys, Ural and Panthalassan oceans. Two taxa are created: Eoparastaffellidae and Banffellinae.

New species and evolution of the foraminiferal family Janischewskinidae in the middle–upper Mississippian of South China

“…Occurrence. Late Viséan-Serpukhovian, northern Palaeotethyan (Vachard and Le Coze, 2022). The disappearance of the genus commonly occurred in the late Serpukhovian (e.g., Pazukhin et al, 2002;Mazuno and Ueno, 1997), which could allow the recognition of the biostratigraphy for the upper part of the Shuidong section, below the Severokeltmian top (Figure 2).…”

“…translat and emend. Hance et al, 2011 (as also followed by Vachard and Le Coze, 2022), which belongs to the tournayellids/ lituotubellids, not to the endothyrids. Apart from the completely different chambers and septa, the wall in Holkeria is more coarsely granular, and agglutinated grains are relatively common (Conil et al, 1980, plate XI, fig.…”

“…The validity of the genus Parajanischewskina has been questioned by some scholars (e.g., Pille et al, 2010;Vachard and Le Coze, 2022). And even, the establishment of the genus has been attributed to a possible misinterpretation of the wall nature due to oblique sections of the cribrate apertures present in the last three chambers of some Janischewskina (Gibshman et al, 2020).…”

“…The Janischewskinidae is one of the most important families for the subdivision of the Viséan and Serpukhovian (Middle and Late Mississippian), and some genera and species can be used to construct precise biostratigraphy of some regional stages in the Palaeotethys. Since the pioneer studies in the Russian Platform (e.g., Rauser-Chernousova, 1948a;Reitlinger, 1950;Ganelina, 1956), the biostratigraphic and systematic knowledge of the group has been notably improved (Lipina and Reitlinger, 1971;Makhlina et al, 1993;Vdovenko, 2001;Gibshman, 2003;Cózar and Somerville, 2006;Gibshman and Baranova, 2007;Gibshman et al, 2020;Vachard and Le Coze, 2022). In the past, some of the genera discussed in the current study were not defined formally, and the others were included within the family Bradyinidae Reilinger, 1950, with a much wider concept for the family that it is currently understood.…”

“…In the past, some of the genera discussed in the current study were not defined formally, and the others were included within the family Bradyinidae Reilinger, 1950, with a much wider concept for the family that it is currently understood. In more recent classifications, the family Janischewskinidae has been considered as independent of the family Bradyinidae (e.g., Rauser-Chernousova et al, 1996;Vachard and Le Coze, 2022). The family Janischewskinidae is rather diversified in the Moscow Basin, where in the southern part, there are better biostratigraphic and lithostratigraphic controls, but it is possibly more abundant in the western part, and there, some species exhibit longer stratigraphic ranges, such as the large Janischewskina (compare Makhlina et al, 1993and Kabanov et al, 2016with Savitsky et al, 2015and Gibshman et al, 2020.…”