Carbonization of ferrocene containing polymers and their electrochemical properties

Ozaki, Jun‐ichi; Mitsui, Misato; Nishiyama, Yoshiyuki

doi:10.1016/s0008-6223(97)00165-6

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In our previous study, carbons prepared from the mixtures of ferrocene and poly(furfuryl alcohol) were found to promote electron transfer in a redox reaction of ferricyanide ion [6]. The same effect was also observed when a phenol-formaldehyde resin [10] was used as the organic materials for carbon. The electrocatalytically active carbons commonly showed fur-like structures under SEM [6] and the formation of T s -carbons by XRD measurements [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Different diffraction patterns were observed depending on the preparation conditions. For example, the carbon sample prepared without ferrocene, cFe(0), showed three broad diffractions at 23°, 42°and 79°, which are assigned to (002), (10) and (11) diffractions of amorphous carbons, respectively. In the case of the carbons prepared in the presence of ferrocene, development of (002) diffraction of carbon is observed at 2h=26.1°.…”

Section: Electrochemical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structures, physicochemical properties and oxygen reduction activities of carbons derived from ferrocene-poly(furfuryl alcohol) mixtures

Ozaki¹,

Nozawa²,

Yamada³

et al. 2005

J Appl Electrochem

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The structure, physicochemical properties and oxygen reduction abilities of carbons prepared by the carbonization of mixtures of ferrocene and poly(furfuryl alcohol) were studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies revealed that the carbons thus prepared consisted of two components; amorphous and turbostratic shell-like components. The fraction, f sharp , obtained by the analysis of the (002) peak in XRD was found to be a parameter that represented the degree of formation of the shell-like components. The formation of the shell-like components induced an increase in the mesopore volumes. Electrical conductivity increased exponentially with f sharp , which indicated that the conduction process was governed by a percolation process of the conductive shell-like components. The amount of CO-desorption by O 2 -TPD technique showed a maximum desorption at f sharp =0.3, and the further development in the sharp component led to a decrease in the CO-desorption. Mo¨ssbauer spectroscopy technique revealed the presence of a-Fe, c-Fe, Fe 1-x O and Fe 3 C in the prepared carbons, which were soluble species to acids. The oxygen reduction activity was studied in a oxygen saturated sulfuric acid solution by rotating disk electrode voltammetry. The oxygen reduction potential varied with f sharp ; initially it increased by f sharp =0.3 and then it decreased at higher f sharp values. This behavior was similar to that of CO-desorption, which meant the presence of an adequate degree of the development of the shell-like structure for maximizing oxygen adsorption. Removal of the surface metal component from the carbons by acidwashing resulted in no decrease in the oxygen reduction activities of the carbons. The nature of the active sites on the carbon materials is discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Electrochemical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structures, physicochemical properties and oxygen reduction activities of carbons derived from ferrocene-poly(furfuryl alcohol) mixtures

Ozaki¹,

Nozawa²,

Yamada³

et al. 2005

J Appl Electrochem

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“…This peak is superimposed on a broad band corresponding to amorphous carbon and it reveals the presence of a small fraction of graphitic carbon embedded inside an amorphous matrix. It results from the conversion of a small amount of amorphous carbon into more ordered carbon by the catalytic action of iron particles embedded inside the carbon matrix [39][40][41][42][43]. In the case of the sample carbonized at 600 ºC, only amorphous carbon was obtained.…”

Section: Structural and Chemical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

N-doped microporous carbon microspheres for high volumetric performance supercapacitors

Ferrero

Fuertes

Sevilla

2015

Electrochimica Acta

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N-doped highly dense uniform carbon microspheres of around 1 µm have been prepared by a nanocasting strategy using silica particles as template and a nitrogen-rich substance (i.e. pyrrole) as carbon precursor. These carbon microspheres possess a large number of nitrogen functional groups (~ 9 wt % N), a high BET surface area of up to ~ 1300 m 2 g -1 with a porosity made up mostly of micropores (< 2 nm), and a high packing density of 0.97 g cm -3 . They also show a remarkable volumetric capacitance of ca. 290 F cm -3 in H 2 SO 4 as a result of pseudocapacitance effects arising from the N-groups, such that they are able to keep 50 % of the capacitance at a high current density of 40 A g -1 .An additional chemical activation process with KOH has been performed to enhance the microporous network. These highly porous microspheres (2690 m 2 g -1 ), that have a lower nitrogen content (~ 2 % wt), can achieve 92 F cm -3 in TEABF 4 /AN while displaying 83 % of capacitance retention at a high current density of 40 A g -1 .

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“…The ferrocene was found to be very efficient in mesoporosity development in pitch [16,18]. Ferrocene was also used to introduce iron into the PFA but no details about the porosity development were given [19]. What is more, iron on activated carbons can be also used as catalyst in catalytic degradation of polypropylene [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailoring mesoporosity of poly(furfuryl alcohol)-based activated carbons and their ability to adsorb organic compounds from water

Lorenc-Grabowska

Rutkowski

2018

J Mater Cycles Waste Manag

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In this work it was shown that polymers can be recycled into a promising adsorbent for organic dyes and phenols waste removal. For this, a series of activated carbons (ACs) were produced from mixture of ferrocene or titanium acetylacetonate with poly(furfuryl alcohol) (PFA) by steam activation. The introduction of ferrocene as Fe precursor was found to be an efficient catalyst in mesoporosity development during carbonization and subsequent steam activation at 850 °C, whereas the polymer based only and titanium-doped ACs are typically microporous. The porous structure parameters were determined from nitrogen adsorption isotherms measured at 77 K. Scanning electron microscopy was applied to monitor the metal distribution of metal-loaded char and the surface morphology of activated carbons. The adsorption capacity was found to be dependent mainly on pore size distribution. In the case of phenol adsorption, the adsorption was defined by volume of pore with size 0.8-1.4 nm; whereas, for Congo red best fit was observed for volume of pore with size 2-5 nm.

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Carbonization of ferrocene containing polymers and their electrochemical properties

Cited by 29 publications

References 17 publications

Structures, physicochemical properties and oxygen reduction activities of carbons derived from ferrocene-poly(furfuryl alcohol) mixtures

Structures, physicochemical properties and oxygen reduction activities of carbons derived from ferrocene-poly(furfuryl alcohol) mixtures

N-doped microporous carbon microspheres for high volumetric performance supercapacitors

Tailoring mesoporosity of poly(furfuryl alcohol)-based activated carbons and their ability to adsorb organic compounds from water

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