Carbonization of wood: Product analysis and energy assessment

Shah, N.; Girard, Philippe; Capart, R.

doi:10.1016/0306-2619(89)90048-2

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…If chemical equilibrium is attained in the kiln, the fixed-carbon yield should approximate the theoretical carbon yield that results from a thermochemical equilibrium calculation, such as those displayed in Figure 2 for cellulose. For example, Girard and co-workers presented a particularly detailed study of the products and mass and energy balances associated with charcoal production from oak, 48 meranti, spruce, and chestnut woods. 49 Their measured values of the fixed-carbon yields ranged from 21.4% (chestnut) to 29.5% (oak), which are 57 and 80%, respectively, of calculated theoretical carbon yields based on the reported chemical compositions of the feedstocks.…”

Section: Charcoal Properties and Yieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Art, Science, and Technology of Charcoal Production

Antal

Grønli

2003

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

1,357

885

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In this review, we summarize the knowledge of the production and properties of charcoal that has been accumulated over the past 38 millenia. The manipulation of pressure, moisture content, and gas flow enables biomass carbonization with fixed-carbon yields that approachor attainthe theoretical limit after reaction times of a few tens of minutes. Much of the heat needed to carbonize the feed is released by vigorous, exothermic secondary reactions that reduce the formation of unwanted tars by augmenting the charcoal yield in a well-designed carbonizer. As a renewable fuel, charcoal has many attractive features: it contains virtually no sulfur or mercury and is low in nitrogen and ash; it is highly reactive yet easy to store and handle. Carbonized charcoal can be a good adsorbent with a large surface area and a semimetal with an electrical resistivity comparable to that of graphite. Recent advances in knowledge about the production and properties of charcoal presage its expanded use as a renewable fuel, reductant, adsorbent, and soil amendment.

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Section: Charcoal Properties and Yieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%