Carbonyl Yields in Cigars under Three Smoking Regimens Using a Linear Smoking Machine

Abstract

This study used standard linear smoking machines and puffing protocols to generate data on carbonyl yields in mainstream smoke from 11 unfiltered sheet-wrapped cigars (SWC), seven leaf-wrapped cigars (LWC), and two Kentucky reference cigarettes (3R4F, 1R6F). Carbonyl yields in cigar and cigarette products were determined using three different smoking regimens: International Organization for Standardization (ISO), Canadian Intense (CI), and Cooperation Centre for Scientific Research Relative to Tobacco (CORESTA) Recommended Method (CRM) No. 64 (CRM64, Routine Analytical Cigar-Smoking Machine—Specifications, Definitions and Standard Conditions). Mainstream tobacco smoke was collected using a smoking machine fitted with an impinger containing 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) and carbonyl compounds quantified using liquid chromatography with an ultraviolet detector. Commercial SWC and LWC generated comparable formaldehyde yields (SWC, 9.4–28 μg/cigar [ISO], 8.2–43 μg/cigar [CI], 8.6–13 μg/cigar [CRM64]; LWC, 11–13 μg/cigar [ISO], 11–22 μg/cigar [CI], 16–21 μg/cigar [CRM64]) and acrolein yields; however, LWC generated higher acetaldehyde yields compared to SWC, using CI and CRM64 regimens. Reference cigarettes using standard puffing regimens generated carbonyl yields within reported ranges and 5–10% RSDs, whereas the CRM64 regimen generated lower carbonyl yields and 12–14% RSDs. Reference cigarettes generated higher formaldehyde yields using cigarette smoking regimens (21–28 μg/cigarette under ISO, 76–96 μg/cigarette under CI) but comparable formaldehyde yields under CRM64 (12–14 μg/cigarette). In addition, this study evaluated physical parameters (e.g., tobacco weight, length, diameter, circumference, tobacco rod density) that show the correlation between tobacco weight, tobacco rod density, and acetaldehyde yields under the three smoking regimens. Carbonyl yields in the mainstream smoke of cigar products using the three smoking regimens were highly variable; however, the CI smoking regimen may provide meaningful analytical information regarding cigar smoke constituents, with lower likelihood of self-extinguishment due to the short puffing intervals.

Face Mask as a Versatile Sampling Device for the Assessment of Personal Exposure to 54 Toxic Compounds in Environmental Tobacco Smoke

“…Current methods for personal ETS exposure assessment involve collecting and analyzing particulate-borne chemicals in the mainstream smoke generated by smoking machines. − However, few studies have analyzed the chemical composition of ETS comprehensively under real smoking scenarios. This is particularly true for novel tobacco products like e-cigarettes (ECs) and heated tobacco products (HTPs). − This lack of analysis is likely due to the lack of sampling and analytical methods that are capable of simultaneously monitoring a broad range of constituents that are usually present at trace levels and tend to get diluted in the environment. − Further research employing advanced chemical analysis techniques is urgently needed to determine the composition of ETS to better understand how its diverse components act synergistically to impact health.…”